{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:12:14Z","timestamp":1790759534760,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dipeptidyl amino-peptidase 3 (DPP3) is an aminopeptidase that is released into circulation upon cell death. DPP3 is involved in the degradation of angiotensins, enkephalines, and endomorphines. It has been shown that circulating DPP3 (cDPP3) plasma concentration increases in cardiogenic shock (CS) patients and correlates with high mortality risk. Cardiogenic shock is a life-threatening syndrome associated with organ hypoperfusion. One of the common causes of CS is acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aimed to investigate if cDPP3 levels are associated with CS severity and the need for ventilation in patients suffering from CS. Fifteen patients with CS were included in this study. Six patients were invasively ventilated. The values of cDPP3 were higher in ventilated patients than in non-ventilated patients at admission, 3 h, and 24 h after admission in the intensive care unit. Patients with pulmonary hypertension at admission also showed high cDPP3 values at all time points. Furthermore, high cDPP3 levels were associated with reduced stroke volume. Our results suggest that cDPP3 could predict CS progression and guide therapy escalation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13071350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T01:39:26Z","timestamp":1680658766000},"page":"1350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Dipeptidyl Amino-Peptidase 3 (DPP3) as an Early Marker of Severity in a Patient Population with Cardiogenic Shock"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5364-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Innelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Cardiac Care Unit, San Carlo Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Lopizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Carlo Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Patern\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Cardiac Care Unit, San Carlo Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Intesive Care, San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Paola","family":"Radice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science, Basilicata University, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3878-044X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Bertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Marabotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit and Regional, ECMO Referral Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Luzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Surgery, San Carlo Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Stabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute Cardiac Care Unit, San Carlo Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7362-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo","family":"Di Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Complex Intercompany Institute of Legal Medicine, San Carlo Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Pittella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Resuscitation, Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Carlo Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4032-0821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Paternoster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Resuscitation, Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Carlo Hospital, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000957","article-title":"The landscape of cardiogenic shock: Epidemiology and current definitions","volume":"37","author":"Garan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. 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