{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:51:59Z","timestamp":1790401919758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: While mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a major public health issue, post-concussion syndrome (PCS) remains a controversial entity. In both cases, the clinical diagnosis is mainly based on the symptoms and brain imaging evaluation. The current molecular biomarkers were described from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), yet both fluid collection methods are invasive. Saliva could be preferred in molecular diagnosis due to its non-invasive and non-expensive methods of acquisition, transport, and samples processing. (2) Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to review the latest developments in salivary biomarkers and their potential role in diagnosing mild TBIs, and PCS. (3) Results: In TBIs and PCS, a few novel studies focusing on salivary biomarkers have emphasized their importance in diagnosis. The previous studies mainly focused on micro RNAs, and only a few on extracellular vesicles, neurofilament light chain, and S100B. (4) Conclusions: The combination between salivary biomarkers, clinical history and examination, self-reported symptoms, and cognitive\/balance testing can provide a non-invasive alternative diagnostic methodology, as compared to the currently approved plasma and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13081367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T04:04:16Z","timestamp":1680840256000},"page":"1367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Review on the Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Concussion Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9844-4010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Mavroudis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foivos","family":"Petridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana-Miruna","family":"Balmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, No. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alin","family":"Ciobica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, B dul Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6454-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragos Lucian","family":"Gorgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, B dul Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5676-0864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina Costina","family":"Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, Medicine\u2014Pediatrics, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mavroudis, I., Kazis, D., Chowdhury, R., Petridis, F., Costa, V., Balmus, I.-M., Ciobica, A., Luca, A.-C., Radu, I., and Dobrin, R.P. (2022). Post-Concussion Syndrome and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Narrative Review on the Neuropathology, Neuroimaging and Fluid Biomarkers. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12030740"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2015.03.012","article-title":"Neurological consequences of traumatic brain injuries in sports","volume":"66","author":"Ling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. 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