{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:38:46Z","timestamp":1787027926836,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG) of University of Padova"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vertebra plana is a rare radiologic condition characterized by a uniform loss of height of a vertebral body that represents a diagnostic challenge for surgeons. The purpose of this study was to review all possible differential diagnoses that may present with a vertebra plana (VP) described in the current literature. For that purpose, we performed a narrative literature review in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, analyzing 602 articles. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and diagnoses were investigated. VP is not a pathognomonic feature of Langerhans cell histiocytosis, but other oncologic and non-oncologic conditions should be considered. The list of differential diagnoses, based on our literature review, can be recalled with the mnemonic HEIGHT OF HOMO: H\u2014Histiocytosis; E\u2014Ewing\u2019s sarcoma; I\u2014Infection; G\u2014Giant cell tumor; H\u2014Hematologic neoplasms; T\u2014Tuberculosis; O\u2014Osteogenesis imperfecta; F\u2014Fracture; H\u2014Hemangioma; O\u2014Osteoblastoma; M\u2014Metastasis; O\u2014Osteomyelitis, chronic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13081438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T03:14:09Z","timestamp":1681701249000},"page":"1438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Vertebra Plana: A Narrative Clinical and Imaging Overview among Possible Differential Diagnoses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8823-448X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Angelini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Mosele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gnassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Baracco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Rod\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariachiara","family":"Cerchiaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9617-9882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Ruggieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Localized affection of the spine suggesting osteochondritis of the vertebral body, with the clinical aspects of Pott\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Calve","year":"1925","journal-title":"J. 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