{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:21:22Z","timestamp":1792448482812,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The frequency of cleft lip and palate births in Japan is approximately 0.146%. The study aimed to compare the effects of NAM on restoring nasal morphology and improving extraoral nasal morphology in children with cleft lip and palate in the first stage of treatment using 3D imaging and oral model analysis. The subjects were five infants (37.6 \u00b1 14.4 days old) with unilateral cleft lip and palate. The images taken with the 3D analyzer and oral model used for constructing the NAM at the first examination (baseline) and at the completion of the pre-surgical orthodontic treatment (157.8 \u00b1 37.8 days old) were analyzed. The cleft distance was measured at the upper, middle, and lower points on the 3D images. On the model, the cleft jaw width at the maximum protrusion of the healthy and affected sides of the alveolar bone was measured. After the pre-surgical orthopedic treatment, the measured value on the model decreased significantly by a mean of 8.3 mm from baseline, and the cleft lip width narrowed by an average of 2.8 \u00b1 2.2, 4.3 \u00b1 2.3, and 3.0 \u00b1 2.8 mm at the upper, middle, and lower points of the cleft, respectively. Pre-surgical orthopedic treatment using NAM can help narrow the width of the cleft jaw and lip. The sample size is stated at the study limit in the paper.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13081444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T04:45:32Z","timestamp":1681706732000},"page":"1444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Pre-Surgical Orthopedic Treatment on Hard and Soft Tissue Morphology in Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Saki","family":"Ogino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Ohu University, 31-1, Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama-City 963-8611, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Kawanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Ohu University, 31-1, Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama-City 963-8611, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Ohu University, 31-1, Misumido, Tomitamachi, Koriyama-City 963-8611, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Sone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima-City 960-1295, Fukushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197508000-00002","article-title":"Soft palate repair by levator muscle reconstruction and a buccal mucosal flap","volume":"56","author":"Kaplan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Plast. 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