{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T17:01:44Z","timestamp":1783530104532,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51775325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51775325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U21A20121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QD2016033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QD2016033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XJ2013015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2013015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51775325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51775325"]}]},{"name":"Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U21A20121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20121"]}]},{"name":"Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["QD2016033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QD2016033"]}]},{"name":"Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["XJ2013015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2013015"]}]},{"name":"Young Eastern Scholars Program of Shanghai","award":["51775325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51775325"]}]},{"name":"Young Eastern Scholars Program of Shanghai","award":["U21A20121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20121"]}]},{"name":"Young Eastern Scholars Program of Shanghai","award":["QD2016033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QD2016033"]}]},{"name":"Young Eastern Scholars Program of Shanghai","award":["XJ2013015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2013015"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Scholars Program of China","award":["51775325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51775325"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Scholars Program of China","award":["U21A20121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20121"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Scholars Program of China","award":["QD2016033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QD2016033"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Scholars Program of China","award":["XJ2013015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XJ2013015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Motion sickness is a common physiological discomfort phenomenon during car rides. In this paper, the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technique was used in real-world vehicle testing. The fNIRS technique was utilized to model the relationship between changes in blood oxygenation levels in the prefrontal cortex of passengers and motion sickness symptoms under different motion conditions. To enhance the accuracy of motion sickness classification, the study utilized principal component analysis (PCA) to extract the most significant features from the test data. Wavelet decomposition was used to extract the power spectrum entropy (PSE) features of five frequency bands highly related to motion sickness. The correlation between motion sickness and cerebral blood oxygen levels was modeled by a 6-point scale calibration for the subjective evaluation of the degree of passenger motion sickness. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to build a motion sickness classification model, achieving an accuracy of 87.3% with the 78 sets of data. However, individual analysis of the 13 subjects showed a varying range of accuracy from 50% to 100%, suggesting the presence of individual differences in the relationship between cerebral blood oxygen levels and motion sickness symptoms. Thus, the results demonstrated that the magnitude of motion sickness during the ride was closely related to the change in the PSE of the five frequency bands of cerebral prefrontal blood oxygen, but further studies are needed to investigate individual variability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13081462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1681866562000},"page":"1462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Study of Motion Sickness Model Based on fNIRS Multiband Features during Car Rides"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2551-4839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanli","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8246-2326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1080\/00423114.2019.1602274","article-title":"Modelling, Simulation and Evaluation of Ground Vibration Caused by Rail Vehicles","volume":"57","author":"Thompson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Veh. 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