{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:00:51Z","timestamp":1790240451265,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the rate at which radiologists miss or detect incidental breast cancers on chest CT and to compare the CT features between the two groups. This retrospective study evaluated chest CT examinations and medical records of patients who registered with the diagnosis code of \u201cbreast cancer\u201d between January 2016 and December 2020, and who had undergone contrast enhanced chest CT 3\u201318 months before registration, during which they were unaware of any breast lesions. This study found that out of 84 patients, incidental breast cancer lesions were missed in 54 (64.3%) and detected in 30 (53.7%). The initial treatment was delayed in the missed breast lesions group (p = 0.004). Breast lesions of smaller sizes (&lt;9.0 mm, p = 0.01), or with lower enhancement ratios (&lt;1.4, p = 0.009), were more likely to be missed. When three radiologists re-read the CTs with more attention to breast area, they detected breast cancers with higher accuracies (90.1%, 87.9%, and 81.3%). In summary, this study revealed that radiologists miss 64.3% of incidental breast cancers on chest CT, especially those of sub-centimeter sizes and weak enhancements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13091522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T01:35:44Z","timestamp":1682300144000},"page":"1522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Missed and Detected Incidental Breast Cancers on Contrast Enhanced Chest CT: Detection Rates and CT Features"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3383-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chohee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Ki","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung Jin","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: Globocan Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2004.06.014","article-title":"The Randomized Trials of Breast Cancer Screening: What Have We Learned?","volume":"42","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.896312","article-title":"Intramammary Findings on Ct of the Chest\u2014A Review of Normal Anatomy and Possible Findings","volume":"81","author":"Gossner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pol. J. 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Engl."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13130733","article-title":"Breast Density: Comparison of Chest Ct with Mammography","volume":"270","author":"Salvatore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3348\/jksr.2018.79.6.303","article-title":"Incidental Breast Lesions on Chest Ct: Clinical Significance and Differential Features Requiring Referral","volume":"79","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.27si075510","article-title":"Breast Lesions Incidentally Detected with Ct: What the General Radiologist Needs to Know","volume":"27","author":"Harish","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.3.1810679","article-title":"Dynamic Multidetector Ct of Breast Tumors: Diagnostic Features and Comparison with Conventional Techniques","volume":"181","author":"Inoue","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.1.1790171","article-title":"Breast Lesions Detected on Mr Imaging: Features and Positive Predictive Value","volume":"179","author":"Liberman","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12046","article-title":"Comparison between Incidental Malignant and Benign Breast Lesions Detected by Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review","volume":"57","author":"Bach","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Imaging Radiat. 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