{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T23:00:59Z","timestamp":1781910059601,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Current non-invasive diagnostic modalities of iatrogenic bile leak (BL) are not particularly sensitive and often fail to localise the BL origin. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are considered the gold standard, yet are invasive studies with potential complications. Ce-MRCP has been not comprehensively studied in this setting but may prove particularly helpful given its non-invasive nature and the anatomical dynamic detail. This paper reports a monocentric retrospective study of BL patients referred between January 2018 and November 2022 submitted to Ce-MRCP followed by PTC. The primary outcome was the accuracy of Ce-MRCP in detecting and localising BL compared to PTC and ERCP. Blood tests, coexisting cholangitis features and time for leak resolution were also investigated. Thirty-nine patients were included. Liver-specific contrast-enhanced MRCP detected BL in 69% of cases. The BL localisation was 100% accurate. Total bilirubin above 4 mg\/dL was significantly associated with false negative results of Ce-MRCP. Ce-MRCP is highly accurate in detecting and localising BL, but sensitivity is significantly reduced by a high bilirubin level. Ce-MRCP may be very useful in early BL diagnosis and in accurate pre-treatment planning, but can only be reliably used in selected patients with TB &lt; 4 mg\/dL. Non-surgical techniques, both radiological and endoscopic, are proven to be effective in terms of leak resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13101681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T01:40:02Z","timestamp":1683682802000},"page":"1681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Liver-Specific Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Cholangio-Pancreatography (Ce-MRCP) in Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Iatrogenic Biliary Leakage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2878-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Argir\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Sensi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9218-1176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"Siragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1280-3022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Radiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi Edoardo","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Riccetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6327-563X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Del Vecchio Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of System medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Troncone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of System medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Floris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Salavracos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Tisone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1041-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Anselmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HPB and Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.6.01831567","article-title":"Value of MR cholangiography in patients with iatrogenic bile duct injury after cholecystectomy","volume":"183","author":"Ragozzino","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am. 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