{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:08:46Z","timestamp":1790096926615,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["P6-0119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P6-0119"]}]},{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["P3-0083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0083"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blood culture systems are a potential alternative to classical cultivation of fungi on mycological media, but there are limited data on the suitability of these systems for culturing other sample types (e.g., sterile body fluids). We conducted a prospective study to evaluate different types of blood culture (BC) bottles for the detection of different fungal species in non-blood samples. A total of 43 fungal isolates were tested for their ability to grow in BD BACTEC Mycosis-IC\/F (Mycosis bottles), BD BACTEC Plus Aerobic\/F (Aerobic bottles) and BD BACTEC Plus Anaerobic\/F (Anaerobic bottles) (Becton Dickinson, East Rutherford, NJ, USA) BC bottles inoculated with spiked samples without the addition of blood or fastidious organism supplement. Time to detection (TTD) was determined for all BC types tested and compared between groups. In general, Mycosis and Aerobic bottles were similar (p &gt; 0.05). The Anaerobic bottles failed to support growth in &gt;86% of cases. The Mycosis bottles were superior in detecting Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus spp. and Aspergillus spp. (p &lt; 0.05). The performance of Mycosis and Aerobic bottles was similar, but if cryptococcosis or aspergillosis is suspected, the use of Mycosis bottles is recommended. Anaerobic bottles are not recommended for fungal detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13101699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T04:29:01Z","timestamp":1683779341000},"page":"1699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Different BD BACTEC\u2122 Blood Culture Bottle Types for the Detection of Fungi in Simulated Sterile Body Fluid Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-9516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rok","family":"Tomazin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadej","family":"Pliber\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Avacone AG, Gewerbestrasse 4, 4450 Sissach, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"O\u0161trbenk Valen\u010dak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadeja","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.004","article-title":"The global burden of fungal diseases","volume":"30","author":"Vallabhaneni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"w14281","article-title":"Common invasive fungal diseases: An overview of invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and Pneumocystis pneumonia","volume":"146","author":"Schmiedel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.FUNK-0052-2016","article-title":"Fungal diversity revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 million species","volume":"5","author":"Hawksworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-2920-0","article-title":"Burden of serious fungal infections in Guatemala","volume":"36","author":"Medina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2016.11.001","article-title":"An estimation of burden of serious fungal infections in France","volume":"26","author":"Gangneux","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mycol. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.10.005","article-title":"Estimating the burden of invasive and serious fungal disease in the United Kingdom","volume":"74","author":"Pegorie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12360","article-title":"ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of rare invasive yeast infections","volume":"20","author":"Arendrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw156","article-title":"ECIL guidelines for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"71","author":"Alanio","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: Executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline","volume":"24","author":"Ullmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-017-0061-y","article-title":"What can the clinical mycology laboratory do for clinicians today and tomorrow?","volume":"4","author":"Mourad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Microbiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00179-11","article-title":"Diagnostic issues, clinical characteristics, and outcomes for patients with fungemia","volume":"49","author":"Arendrup","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01811-10","article-title":"National surveillance of fungemia in Denmark (2004 to 2009)","volume":"49","author":"Arendrup","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.11.3273-3277.1998","article-title":"Use of the BacT\/Alert blood culture system for culture of sterile body fluids other than blood","volume":"36","author":"Bourbeau","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02877773","article-title":"Comparison of the BACTEC blood culture system versus conventional methods for culture of normally sterile body fluids","volume":"24","author":"Kaya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.9.2410-2412.1997","article-title":"Use of the isolator 1.5 microbial tube for culture of synovial fluid from patients with septic arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Yagupsky","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02260-10","article-title":"Comparison of BD Bactec Plus Aerobic\/F medium to VersaTREK Redox 1 blood culture medium for detection of Candida spp. in seeded blood culture specimens containing therapeutic levels of antifungal agents","volume":"49","author":"Riedel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"de Hoog, G.S., Guarro, J., Gen\u00e9, J., Ahmed, S.A., Al-Hatmi, A.M.S., Figueras, M.J., and Vitale, R.G. (2015). Atlas of Clinical Fungi: The Ultimate Benchtool for Diagnostics, Foundation Atlas of Clinical Fungi. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2005.10.005","article-title":"Evaluation of the Bactec microbial detection system for culturing miscellaneous sterile body fluids","volume":"157","author":"Akcam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.03.003","article-title":"Periprosthetic joint infection with fungal pathogens","volume":"33","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1294-y","article-title":"Sample taking during orthopedic surgery: Sensitivity and specificity using the BACTEC blood culture system","volume":"31","author":"Podleska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.053439","article-title":"Efficiency of blood culture bottles for the fungal sterility testing of corneal organ culture media","volume":"89","author":"Thuret","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.01954.x","article-title":"Semi-national surveillance of fungaemia in Denmark 2004\u20132006: Increasing incidence of fungaemia and numbers of isolates with reduced azole susceptibility","volume":"14","author":"Arendrup","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13278","article-title":"Candidaemia in Central Slovenia: A 12-year retrospective survey","volume":"64","author":"Matos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1086\/596757","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"48","author":"Pappas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4167","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01998-13","article-title":"Epidemiology, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and outcome of candidemia across five sites in Italy and Spain","volume":"51","author":"Bassetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks019","article-title":"Epidemiology, species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of fungaemia in a Spanish multicentre prospective survey","volume":"67","author":"Eraso","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakash, H., and Chakrabarti, A. (2019). Global Epidemiology of Mucormycosis. J. Fungi, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010026"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01682167","article-title":"Use of simulated blood cultures to compare a specific fungal medium with a standard microorganism medium for yeast detection","volume":"17","author":"Chazot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2218-4","article-title":"Evaluation of blood culture media for the detection of fungi","volume":"34","author":"Nawrot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mycmed.2022.101295","article-title":"Evaluation of the relevance of use of the BD-BACTEC\u00aeMycosisIC\/F, BD-BACTEC\u00aePlusAerobic\/F, BD-BACTEC\u00aeLytic\/10 anaerobic\/F and BD-BACTEC\u00aePedsPlus\/F culture bottle system for fungemia detection: A 4-year retrospective study at the Dijon university hospital, France","volume":"32","author":"Magallon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med Mycol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.2.622-624.2001","article-title":"Controlled comparison of BacT\/ALERT FAN aerobic medium and BATEC fungal blood culture medium for detection of fungemia","volume":"39","author":"McDonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.05.017","article-title":"The performance of 4 different supplements and 5 blood culture bottles types in detection of bacteria and Candida spp. in simulated sterile body fluid cultures","volume":"77","author":"Saeedi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.030601-0","article-title":"Detection of Aspergillus species in BACTEC blood cultures","volume":"60","author":"Rosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.7.2350-2354.2004","article-title":"Defined anaerobic growth medium for studying Candida albicans basic biology and resistance to eight antifungal drugs","volume":"48","author":"Dumitru","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2014.00017","article-title":"An evolutionary perspective on the Crabtree effect","volume":"1","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9ter, G., and Rosa, C.A. (2006). Biodiversity and Ecophysiology of Yeasts, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-30985-3"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/10\/1699\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:32:49Z","timestamp":1760124769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/10\/1699"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics13101699"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13101699","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]}}}