{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:31:30Z","timestamp":1774366290997,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Percutaneous dilation tracheostomy (PDT) is a common procedure in intensive care units. Bronchoscopy has been recommended to guide PDT to decrease complication rates, but no study has analyzed bronchoscopy outcomes during PDT. In this retrospective study, we analyzed bronchoscopy findings and clinical outcomes during PDT. We collected data on all patients who underwent PDT between May 2018 and February 2021. All PDT operations were guided by bronchoscopy, and we assessed the airway to the third order of the bronchi. Forty-one patients who underwent PDT were included in this study. The average duration of PDT was 102.8 \u00b1 34.6 s, and the average duration of bronchoscopy was 49.8 \u00b1 43.8 s. No complications related to bronchoscopy and no significant changes in gas exchange or ventilator parameters were noted after the procedure. Fifteen patients (36.6%) exhibited abnormal bronchoscopy findings, including two patients (13.3%) with intra-airway mass lesions and obvious airway obstruction. None of the patients with intra-airway masses could be liberated from mechanical ventilation. This study observed a non-negligibly high incidence of unexpected endotracheal or endobronchial masses in patients with chronic respiratory failure during PDT, and a high rate of weaning failure was noted in these patients. The completion of bronchoscopy during PDT may provide additional clinical benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13101764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T06:32:58Z","timestamp":1684391578000},"page":"1764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bronchoscopy Findings during Percutaneous Dilation Tracheostomy: A Single Tertiary Medical Center Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7058-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ko-Wei","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5382-8133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Yueh","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0381-y","article-title":"Tracheotomy in the intensive care unit: Guidelines from a French expert panel","volume":"8","author":"Trouillet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intensiv. Care"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.05.018","article-title":"Tracheotomy: Clinical review and guidelines","volume":"32","author":"Bedert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardio-Thoracic Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.04.002","article-title":"Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy: Review of Technique and Evidence for Its Use","volume":"70","author":"Susarla","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R55","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4887","article-title":"Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy versus surgical tracheostomy in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Delaney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0544-7","article-title":"Percutaneous and surgical tracheostomy in critically ill adult patients: A meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Putensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"83","article-title":"The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy monitoring during percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy and its routine use into tracheotomy practice","volume":"66","author":"Saritas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.10.004","article-title":"Experience with a step-down respiratory care center at a tertiary referral medical center in Taiwan","volume":"21","author":"Su","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R26","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8890","article-title":"Prolonged mechanical ventilation in a respiratory-care setting: A comparison of outcome between tracheostomized and translaryngeal intubated patients","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751","article-title":"The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction\/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"22","author":"Vincent","year":"1996","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2021.151803","article-title":"The decreasing prevalence of the thyroid ima artery: A systematic review and machine learning assisted meta-analysis","volume":"239","author":"Yurasakpong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Anat. Anat. Anz."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01711898","article-title":"Bedside percutaneous dilational tracheostomy with endoscopic guidance: Experience with 71 ICU patients","volume":"20","author":"Winkler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1553","article-title":"Percutaneous Tracheostomy: To Bronch or Not to Bronch\u2014That Is the Question","volume":"71","author":"Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Trauma: Inj. Infect. Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2015.3123","article-title":"Use of Bronchoscopy in Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy","volume":"142","author":"Gadkaree","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Head Otolaryngol. Neck Surg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050422","article-title":"Hypercarbia during tracheostomy: A comparison of percutaneous endoscopic, percutaneous Doppler, and standard surgical tracheostomy","volume":"23","author":"Reilly","year":"1997","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.1.206","article-title":"Laryngotracheoscopic Findings in Long-term Follow-up After Griggs Tracheostomy","volume":"122","author":"Dollner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4218-6","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided percutaneous dilational tracheostomy versus bronchoscopy-guided percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in critically ill patients (TRACHUS): A randomized noninferiority controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Gobatto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066618755334","article-title":"Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-Analysis","volume":"35","author":"Gobatto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01889","article-title":"Effect of Percutaneous Tracheostomy on Gas Exchange in Hypoxemic and Nonhypoxemic Mechanically Ventilated Patients","volume":"58","author":"Bellani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.03.020","article-title":"Routine airway surveillance in pediatric tracheostomy patients","volume":"97","author":"Gergin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200210-1181SO","article-title":"Central Airway Obstruction","volume":"169","author":"Ernst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200802010-00021","article-title":"A case with lethal endobronchial lymphoma pre-senting with respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0000000000000591","article-title":"Bilateral Endobronchial Masses and Severe Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure","volume":"26","author":"Ivanick","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Bronchol. Interv. Pulmonol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2009.03.001","article-title":"Extensive endobronchial growth of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma resulting in respiratory failure: A case report","volume":"206","author":"Uchida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"929","article-title":"Solitary primary tracheal small-cell lung cancer causing acute respir-atory failure: Diagnosis and treatment","volume":"55","author":"Lan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir. Care"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11631","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011631","article-title":"The benefit of daily sputum suction via bronchoscopy in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with ventilators","volume":"97","author":"Qiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103587","article-title":"Bronchoscopic airway clearance therapy for acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ebiomedicine"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/10\/1764\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:36:48Z","timestamp":1760125008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/10\/1764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics13101764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13101764","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]}}}