{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T20:16:02Z","timestamp":1786911362032,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose Intravenous sedation has been well accepted to allow dental restoration in uncooperative children while avoiding aspiration and laryngospasm; however, intravenous anesthetics such as propofol may lead to undesired effects such as respiratory depression and delayed recovery. The use of the bispectral index system (BIS), a monitoring system reflective of the hypnotic state, is con-troversial in the reduction in the risk of respiratory adverse events (RAEs), recovery time, the in-travenous drug dosage, and post-procedural events. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether BIS is advantageous in pediatric dental procedures. Methods A total of 206 cases, aged 2\u20138 years, receiving dental procedures under deep sedation with propofol using target-controlled infusion (TCI) technique were enrolled in the study. BIS level was not monitored in 93 children whereas it was for 113 children, among which BIS values were maintained between 50\u201365. Physiological variables and adverse events were recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi-square, Mann Whitney U, Independent Samples t and Wilcoxon signed tests, with a p value of &lt;0.05 considered to be statistically significant. Results Although no statistical significance in the post-discharge events and total amount of propofol used was observed, a clear significance was identified in periprocedural adverse events (hypoxia, apnea, and recurrent cough, all p value &lt; 0.05) and discharge time (63.4 \u00b1 23.2 vs. 74.5 \u00b1 24.0 min, p value &lt; 0.001) between these two groups. Conclusions The application of BIS in combination with TCI may be beneficial for young children undergoing deep sedation for dental procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13101789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T10:17:26Z","timestamp":1684405046000},"page":"1789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Application of Bispectral Index System (BIS) Monitor to Ambulatory Pediatric Dental Patients under Intravenous Deep Sedation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shih-Chia","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Jyun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung-Fong","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chen","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 613, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Chuan","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Craniofacial and Dental Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jr-Rung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center (CIMS) and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gung Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1428-5134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-I","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butera, A., Maiorani, C., Morandini, A., Simonini, M., Morittu, S., Trombini, J., and Scribante, A. 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