{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T22:09:01Z","timestamp":1786572541052,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The advent of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is one of the cornerstones of fundus imaging. Essentially, its mechanism depends on the visualization of blood vessels by using the flow of erythrocytes as an intrinsic contrast agent. Although it has only recently come into clinical use, OCTA has become a non-invasive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of many retinal diseases, and the integration of OCTA in multimodal imaging has provided a better understanding of many retinal disorders. Here, we provide a detailed overview of the current applications of OCTA technology in the diagnosis and follow-up of various retinal disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13101820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T01:36:48Z","timestamp":1684805808000},"page":"1820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Clinical Use of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Retinal Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Figen","family":"Bat\u0131o\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06620 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"Yan\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06620 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6430-6565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibel","family":"Demirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06620 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emin","family":"\u00d6zmert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, 06620 Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.3616","article-title":"Retinal vascular layers imaged by fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"133","author":"Spaide","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001671","article-title":"Repeatability of Automated Vessel Density and Superficial and Deep Foveal Avascular Zone Area Measurements Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Diurnal Findings","volume":"38","author":"Demirel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.07.002","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography: A comprehensive review of current methods and clinical applications","volume":"60","author":"Kashani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.11.003","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"64","author":"Spaide","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.3519","article-title":"Histopathological Insights Into Choroidal Vascular Loss in Clinically Documented Cases of Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"134","author":"Seddon","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3813-8","article-title":"Signal reduction in choriocapillaris and segmentation errors in spectral domain OCT angiography caused by soft drusen","volume":"255","author":"Alten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefe\u2032s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309481","article-title":"Choroid morphometric analysis in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration by means of optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"101","author":"Cicinelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.10.005","article-title":"Choriocapillaris Nonperfusion is Associated with Poor Visual Acuity in Eyes with Reticular Pseudodrusen","volume":"174","author":"Nesper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4792","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-22360","article-title":"Alterations in the Choriocapillaris in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"58","author":"Borrelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.08.029","article-title":"Ultrahigh-Speed, Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Geographic Atrophy","volume":"122","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nassisi, M., Baghdasaryan, E., Borrelli, E., Ip, M., and Sadda, S.R. (2019). Choriocapillaris flow impairment surrounding geographic atrophy correlates with disease progression. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212563"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21941","article-title":"Indocyanine Green Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"58","author":"Eandi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"OCT314","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18900","article-title":"A Comparison Between Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Fluorescein Angiography for the Imaging of Type 1 Neovascularization","volume":"57","author":"Inoue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000867","article-title":"Detection of Nonexudative Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"35","author":"Palejwala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3588-y","article-title":"Characteristics of type 1 and 2 CNV in exudative AMD in OCT-Angiography","volume":"255","author":"Farecki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002198","article-title":"Reduced Choriocapillaris Flow in Eyes with Type 3 Neovascularization and Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"38","author":"Borrelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001964","article-title":"Vascular Remodeling of Choroidal Neovascularization after Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy Visualized on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"39","author":"Miere","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000766","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Versus Traditional Multimodal Imaging in Assessing the Activity of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A New Diagnostic Challenge","volume":"35","author":"Coscas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2018-313065","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography in exudative age-related macular degeneration: A predictive model for treatment decisions","volume":"103","author":"Coscas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.12.022","article-title":"Deliberations of an International Panel of Experts on OCT Angiography Nomenclature of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"128","author":"Mendonca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.08.030","article-title":"Natural History of Subclinical Neovascularization in Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Swept-Source OCT Angiography","volume":"125","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.06.017","article-title":"Two-Year Risk of Exudation in Eyes with Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Subclinical Neovascularization Detected with Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"208","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000846","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Time Course of Choroidal Neovascularization in Response to Anti-Angiogenic Treatment","volume":"35","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.01.014","article-title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Choroidal Neovascularization under Pro Re Nata Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy with OCT Angiography","volume":"2","author":"McClintic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retin."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.12.005","article-title":"Long-term Progression of Type 1 Neovascularization in Age-related Macular Degeneration Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"187","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.008","article-title":"Detection of Nonexudative Choroidal Neovascularization and Progression to Exudative Choroidal Neovascularization Using OCT Angiography","volume":"3","author":"Bailey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retin."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001628","article-title":"Biomarkers of Neovascular Activity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"38","author":"Iafe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000331","article-title":"Pachychoroid neovasculopathy","volume":"35","author":"Pang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001580","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Flat Irregular Pigment Epithelium Detachment in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy","volume":"38","author":"Bousquet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-020-00730-7","article-title":"Features of neovascularization in pachychoroid neovasculopathy compared with type 1 neovascular age-related macular degeneration on optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"64","author":"Arf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3793-8","article-title":"The use of optical coherence tomography angiography in pachychoroid spectrum diseases: A concurrent comparison with dye angiography","volume":"255","author":"Demirel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batioglu, F., Yanik, O., Ozer, F., Demirel, S., and Ozmert, E. (2022). A Comparative Study of Choroidal Vascular and Structural Characteristics of Typical Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy and Polypoidal Choroidal Neovascularization: OCTA-Based Evaluation of Intervortex Venous Anastomosis. Diagnostics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13010138"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307892","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"100","author":"Srour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2016.232","article-title":"Comparison of indocyanine green angiography and optical coherence tomographic angiography in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy","volume":"31","author":"Takayama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20160808-07","article-title":"En Face Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy","volume":"47","author":"Kokame","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging Retin."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001702","article-title":"Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Upon Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography","volume":"38","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001497","article-title":"Choriocapillaris Signal Voids in Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness and in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum","volume":"37","author":"Spaide","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-015-0011-x","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography findings of choroidal neovascularization in pseudoxanthoma elasticum","volume":"1","author":"Balaratnasingam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Retin. Vitr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1754862","article-title":"The Use of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Type 1 Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Tuberculosis: A Case Report","volume":"29","author":"Demirel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20160126-04","article-title":"Analysis of Choroidal and Retinal Vasculature in Inherited Retinal Degenerations Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"47","author":"Adhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging Retin."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000849","article-title":"Enlargement of Foveal Avascular Zone in Diabetic Eyes Evaluated by En Face Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"35","author":"Takase","year":"2015","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3143-7","article-title":"A morphological study of the foveal avascular zone in patients with diabetes mellitus using optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"254","author":"Di","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-015-3148-2","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of the foveal avascular zone in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"254","author":"Freiberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.07.010","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of DME and Its Association with Anti-VEGF Treatment Response","volume":"123","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20160126-02","article-title":"Distinguishing Diabetic Macular Edema From Capillary Nonperfusion Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"47","author":"Chin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging Retin."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20160126-03","article-title":"Evaluation of Preretinal Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"47","author":"Baumal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging Retin."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.11.020","article-title":"Comparison Between Graders in Detection of Diabetic Neovascularization With Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Fluorescein Angiography","volume":"224","author":"Russell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.06.022","article-title":"Widefield OCT-Angiography and Fluorescein Angiography Assessments of Nonperfusion in Diabetic Retinopathy and Edema Treated with Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor","volume":"126","author":"Couturier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001334","article-title":"Qualitative and Quantitative Follow-Up Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Retinal Vein Occlusion Treated with Anti-VEGF: Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Follow-up of Retinal Vein Occlusion","volume":"37","author":"Sellam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"OCT242","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18819","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: Correlation Between the Foveal Avascular Zone and Visual Acuity","volume":"57","author":"Kvanta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.11.025","article-title":"Systematic Evaluation of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Retinal Vein Occlusion","volume":"163","author":"Keane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002993","article-title":"Nonperfusion Assessment in Retinal Vein Occlusion: Comparison Between Ultra-widefield Fluorescein Angiography and Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"41","author":"Miere","year":"2021","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"1521","article-title":"Multimodal imaging in acute retinal ischemia: Spectral domain OCT, OCT-angiography and fundus autofluorescence","volume":"11","author":"Feucht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"OCT268","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18872","article-title":"Multimodal Imaging of Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: Focus on Vascular Changes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"57","author":"Toto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4274\/tjo.68335","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Type-2 Macular Telangiectasia","volume":"47","author":"Nalci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307941","article-title":"Characteristics and quantification of vascular changes in macular telangiectasia type 2 on optical coherence tomography angiography","volume":"100","author":"Chidambara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.01.022","article-title":"Epiretinal Neovascularization: A Novel OCT Angiography Finding in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2","volume":"3","author":"Ayachit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Retin."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.12.023","article-title":"Macular Microangiopathy in Sickle Cell Disease Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography","volume":"164","author":"Minvielle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.02.007","article-title":"Evaluation of Macular Vascular Abnormalities Identified by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Sickle Cell Disease","volume":"177","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1751857","article-title":"Multimodal Imaging Characteristics and Functional Test Findings in a Case of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy Accompanied by Behcet Disease","volume":"29","author":"Batioglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-017-0092-9","article-title":"Anatomical and functional correlation in Susac syndrome: Multimodal imaging assessment","volume":"3","author":"Azevedo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Retin. Vitr."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/10\/1820\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:39:55Z","timestamp":1760125195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/10\/1820"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics13101820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13101820","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]}}}