{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:19:40Z","timestamp":1791872380521,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eskisehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Grant","award":["2018\/11046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/11046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbiota composition might play a role in the pathophysiology and course of sepsis, and understanding its dynamics is of clinical interest. Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an important cause of community-acquired serious infection, and there is no information regarding microbiota composition in children with meningococcemia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the intestinal and nasopharyngeal microbiota composition of children with IMD. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, multi-center study, 10 children with meningococcemia and 10 age-matched healthy controls were included. Nasopharyngeal and fecal samples were obtained at admission to the intensive care unit and on the tenth day of their hospital stay. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified following the 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation. Results: Regarding the alpha diversity on the day of admission and on the tenth day at the PICU, the Shannon index was significantly lower in the IMD group compared to the control group (p = 0.002 at admission and p = 0.001, on the tenth day of PICU). A statistical difference in the stool samples was found between the IMD group at Day 0 vs. the controls in the results of the Bray\u2013Curtis and Jaccard analyses (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively). There were differences in the intestinal microbiota composition between the children with IMD at admission and Day 10 and the healthy controls. Regarding the nasopharyngeal microbiota analysis, in the children with IMD at admission, at the genus level, Neisseria was significantly more abundant compared to the healthy children (p &lt; 0.001). In the children with IMD at Day 10, genera Moraxella and Neisseria were decreased compared to the healthy children. In the children with IMD on Day 0, for paired samples, Moraxella, Neisseria, and Haemophilus were significantly more abundant compared to the children with IMD at Day 10. In the children with IMD at Day 10, the Moraxella and Neisseria genera were decreased, and 20 different genera were more abundant compared to Day 0. Conclusions: We first found alterations in the intestinal and nasopharyngeal microbiota composition in the children with IMD. The infection itself or the other care interventions also caused changes to the microbiota composition during the follow-up period. Understanding the interaction of microbiota with pathogens, e.g., N. meningitidis, could give us the opportunity to understand the disease\u2019s dynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13121984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T02:57:30Z","timestamp":1686020250000},"page":"1984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of Intestinal and Nasopharyngeal Microbiota of Children with Meningococcemia in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: INMACS-PICU Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5041-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gurkan","family":"Bozan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"P\u00e9rez-Brocal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), 46020 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9694-0632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaan","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2245-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eylem","family":"Kiral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Sevketoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34147, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7377-4718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mutlu","family":"Uysal Yazici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebru","family":"Azapagasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanil","family":"Kendirli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8951-4774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhat","family":"Emeksiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5482-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oguz","family":"Dursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dincer","family":"Yildizdas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana 01790, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayse Berna","family":"Anil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8273-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nihal","family":"Akcay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34147, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0120-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan Serdar","family":"Kihtir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Antalya 07100, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3431-7906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merve","family":"Havan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4577-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazan","family":"Ulgen Tekerek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faruk","family":"Ekinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana 01790, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0168-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omer","family":"Kilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2867-1119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Sanitary and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), 46020 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0339-0134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ener Cagri","family":"Dinleyici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2019.1557520","article-title":"The Global Meningococcal Initiative meeting on prevention of meningococcal disease worldwide: Epidemiology, surveillance, hypervirulent strains, antibiotic resistance and high-risk populations","volume":"18","author":"Acevedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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