{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T01:25:15Z","timestamp":1784856315444,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The oral transmission of HPV and, consequently, the risk of oral cancer has increased in the last years. Oral sex has often been implicated among the risk factors for oral HPV infections, however, there is still no consensus on these topics, nor on the relationship between genital and oral HPV infections. The present study aimed to evaluate the coexistence of papilloma virus, at the levels of the oral and genital mucosa, in women with a histologically confirmed HPV lesions (and a positive HPV test) at the genital level and a negative HPV control group. We also evaluated how some risk factors, such as smoking, the number of partners, age, and sexual habits can influence the possible presence of the virus itself in the oropharynx of the same women. In total, 117 unvaccinated women aged between 18 and 52 were enrolled. We found that the prevalence of oral HPV infection was high among the women with concomitant genital HPV infection (22%) compared to the HPV-negative women (0%), and the estimated odds ratio was 17.36 (95% CI: 1.02, 297.04). In none of the women with oral HPV did we find any relevant clinical lesions. The potential risk factors for HPV infections in the oropharynx and genitals were analyzed based on questionnaire responses. A multivariate analysis showed that genital HPV infections were significantly associated with a number of sexual partners &gt; 10 (OR 138.60, 95% CI: 6.04\u20133181.30, p &lt; 0.001), but the data also referred to having between 3\u20135 or 6\u201310 partners as being significant, as were a high level of education (OR 6.24, 95% CI: 1.67\u20134.23.26 p = 0.003), a frequency of sexual intercourse &gt;10 (OR 91.67 95% CI: 3.20\u20132623.52, p = 0.004), oral sex (OR 6.16, 95% CI: 1.22\u201331.19, p = 0.014), and &gt;20 cigarettes\/day (OR 6.09 95% CI: 1.21\u201330.61, p = 0.014). Furthermore, being \u201cseparate\u201d and having multiple sexually transmitted diseases were also significantly associated with genital HPV infection. In contrast, oral HPV infections were significantly associated with women aged 36 to 50 years (OR 27.38, 95% CI: 4.37\u2013171.37; p = 0.000202) and oral sex (OR 95.5, 95% CI: 5.13\u20131782.75, p = 0.001126).Additionally, being separate, being cohabitant, lifetime sexual partners of &gt;10, 3\u20135 lifetime sexual partners, &lt;20 years of age, &gt;10 sexual intercourse per month, occasional and regular anal sex, &gt;20 cigarettes per day, a history of sexually transmitted disease (herpes and multiple), and having a history of genital warts were significant. Screening and early diagnosis are considered to be practically unfeasible for this category of cancer, given the lack of visible lesions; the 9-valent HPV vaccine remains the only means that could help to successfully counter the growing incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13122096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T01:59:51Z","timestamp":1687139991000},"page":"2096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Oral HPV Infection in Women with HPV-Positive Cervix Is Closely Related to Oral Sex"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1557-1538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Bruno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgery Specialties, Gynecological Clinic, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center in Papillomavirus Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Boemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center in Papillomavirus Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgery Specialties, Gynecological Clinic, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Sgalambro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center in Papillomavirus Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7136-9698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Ferlito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center in Papillomavirus Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies \u201cG.F. Ingrassia\u201d, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center in Papillomavirus Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Sudano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center in Papillomavirus Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Palumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgery Specialties, Gynecological Clinic, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020, January 12). 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