{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T19:29:25Z","timestamp":1782156565883,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["HL159333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL159333"]}]},{"name":"Nancy Taylor Foundation for Chronic Diseases","award":["HL159333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL159333"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Juvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc) is a systemic inflammatory and fibrotic autoimmune disease. Adult guidelines recommend obtaining a screening high-resolution computed tomography scan (CT) at diagnosis. As these recommendations are adopted as standard of care for jSSc, increased screening with CT may lead to increased detection of nodules. The implications of nodules identified in jSSc are unclear and unreported. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on the prospectively enrolled National Registry for Childhood-Onset Scleroderma (NRCOS) cohort over an enrollment period of 20 years. Clinical associations with presence of nodules and nodule characteristics were investigated. Results: In this jSSc cohort, the prevalence of pulmonary nodules was 31% (n = 17 of 54). Nodule characteristics were heterogeneous, and most displayed stability over time. More participants with nodules had structural esophageal abnormalities, restriction, and reduced diffusing capacity on lung function tests, and follow-up imaging. Most participants had multiple nodules, and although most nodules were &lt;5 mm, most participants had at least one nodule &gt;5 mm. Conclusions: Pulmonary nodules are seen in children with jSSc and may be related to more severe disease and\/or esophageal dysfunction. More work is needed to provide guidance on radiologic follow-up and clinical management of pulmonary nodules in jSSc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13122103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T01:59:51Z","timestamp":1687139991000},"page":"2103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pulmonary Nodules in Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-Series from the National Registry for Childhood Onset Scleroderma (NRCOS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jonathan C.","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Residency Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameh","family":"Tadros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Rosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn S.","family":"Torok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24609","article-title":"Differences Sustained Between Diffuse and Limited Forms of Juvenile Systemic Sclerosis in an Expanded International Cohort","volume":"74","author":"Foeldvari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes144","article-title":"Juvenile and Young Adult-Onset Systemic Sclerosis Share the Same Organ Involvement in Adulthood: Data from the EUSTAR Database","volume":"51","author":"Foeldvari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Childhood Onset Systemic Sclerosis: Classification, Clinical and Serologic Features, and Survival in Comparison with Adult Onset Disease","volume":"33","author":"Scalapino","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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