{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:16:52Z","timestamp":1760149012192,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of a new hybrid imaging modality, free-hand single-photon computed tomography\/ultrasonography (fhSPECT\/US), for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas and to compare its performance with conventional ultrasonography and SPECT\/CT. Twelve patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent sequentially US and parathyroid scintigraphy, including SPECT\/CT, followed by fhSPECT\/US, allowing for real-time fusion between US and freehand-generated gamma-camera images. The fhSPECT\/US detection rates were correlated with histopathology, when available, or with the imaging modality showing the most lesions. Based on a per patient analysis, the detection rate was significantly different when comparing SPECT\/CT to fhSPECT\/US (p = 0.03), and not significantly different when comparing SPECT\/CT to US (p = 0.16) and US to fhSPECT\/US (p = 0.08). Based on a per-lesion analysis, the detection rate of SPECT\/CT was significantly higher than that of US (p = 0.01) and fhSEPCT\/US (p = 0.003), and there was no significant difference in detection rate when comparing US to fhSPECT\/US (p = 0.08). The main perceived limitations of fhSPECT\/US in lesion detection were: (i) lesions localized at a depth \u22654.5 cm; (ii) imperfect image fusion due to tissue compression; (iii) limited spatial manipulation ability of the SPECT mobile camera handheld probe; and (iv) a wide spread of detected activity. In conclusion, clinical use of fhSPECT\/US for localization of parathyroid adenomas is feasible, but shows lower sensitivity than conventional modalities and requires technical improvements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13132200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:49:47Z","timestamp":1687999787000},"page":"2200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feasibility and Performance of Free-Hand Single-Photon Computed Tomography\/Ultrasonography for Preoperative Parathyroid Adenoma Localization: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1465-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Champendal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences HESAV, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Jreige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4886-0611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Nicod Lalonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Pires Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences HESAV, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1816-3003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice","family":"Matter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visceral Surgery Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerasimos P.","family":"Sykiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1429-1374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John O.","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.10.005","article-title":"A systematic review of the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism from 1995 to 2003","volume":"132","author":"Ruda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. 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