{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:07:39Z","timestamp":1790726859032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research analysed early neonatal outcomes of complex and simple gastroschisis following planned elective preterm delivery in relation to prenatal ultrasound assessment of bowel conditions. A retrospective study of 61 neonates with prenatal gastroschisis diagnosis, birth, and management at a single tertiary centre from 2011 to 2021 showed a 96.72% survival rate with no intrauterine fatalities. Most cases (78.7%) were simple gastroschisis. Neonates with complex gastroschisis had longer hospital stays and time to full enteral feeding compared to those with simple gastroschisis\u201475.4 versus 35.1 days and 58.1 versus 24.1 days, respectively. A high concordance of 86.90% between the surgeon\u2019s and perinatologist\u2019s bowel condition assessments was achieved. The caesarean delivery protocol demonstrated safety, high survival rate, primary closure, and favourable outcomes compared to other reports. Prenatal ultrasound effectively evaluated bowel conditions and identified complex gastroschisis cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13132225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T00:51:06Z","timestamp":1688086266000},"page":"2225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Perinatal Outcomes of Neonates with Complex and Simple Gastroschisis after Planned Preterm Delivery\u2014A Single-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2830-0633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Jaczy\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Mydlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyana","family":"Mikulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Nimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1209-3924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Sawicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2013.10.003","article-title":"Fetal Abdominal Wall Defects","volume":"28","author":"Prefumo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6502a2","article-title":"Increasing Prevalence of Gastroschisis\u201414 States, 1995\u20132012","volume":"65","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1784","article-title":"Prenatal Diagnosis of Severe Structural Congenital Malformations in Europe","volume":"25","author":"Garne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.11.052","article-title":"Anomalies Associated with Gastroschisis and Omphalocele: Analysis of 2825 Cases from the Texas Birth Defects Registry","volume":"49","author":"Benjamin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1159\/000078990","article-title":"Congenital Abdominal Wall Defects: An Update","volume":"19","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0017","article-title":"Prenatal Risk Factors and Outcomes in Gastroschisis: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"136","author":"Virgone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.08.001","article-title":"Complex Gastroschisis is a Different Entity to Simple Gastroschisis Affecting Morbidity and Mortality\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"49","author":"Bergholz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.20004","article-title":"Gastroschisis: A Plea for Risk Categorization","volume":"36","author":"Molik","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(89)80200-3","article-title":"Etiology of Intestinal Damage in Gastroschisis. I: Effects of Amniotic Fluid Exposure and Bowel Constriction in a Fetal Lamb Model","volume":"24","author":"Langer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-965744","article-title":"Preliminary Report on Elective Preterm Delivery at 34 Weeks and Primary Abdominal Closure for the Management of Gastroschisis","volume":"18","author":"Serra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.09.019","article-title":"Improving Gastroschisis Outcomes: Does Birth Place Matter?","volume":"49","author":"Savoie","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.07.008","article-title":"The Effect of Level of Care on Gastroschisis Outcomes","volume":"190","author":"Apfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70655-5","article-title":"Outcomes of Newborns with Gastroschisis: The effects of Mode of Delivery, Site of Delivery, and Interval from Birth to Surgery","volume":"174","author":"Quirk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.07.037","article-title":"Influence of Location of Delivery on Outcome in Neonates with Gastroschisis","volume":"47","author":"Nasr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"37","article-title":"Influence of selected factors on the treatment and prognosis in newborns with gastroschisis on the basis of own experience","volume":"17","author":"Sawicka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Wieku Rozw."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.03.010","article-title":"The Gastroschisis Prognostic Score: Reliable Outcome Prediction in Gastroschisis","volume":"47","author":"Cowan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s003830050525","article-title":"Pre-Term and Particularly Pre-Labor Cesarean Section to Avoid Complications of Gastroschisis","volume":"15","author":"Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.01.019","article-title":"Determinants of Outcomes in Patients with Simple Gastroschisis","volume":"52","author":"Youssef","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies","volume":"147","author":"Altman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.10.033","article-title":"Closing Gastroschisis: The Good, the bad, and the Not-so Ugly","volume":"54","author":"Perrone","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"105","article-title":"[Iliac Artery Occlusion Balloons for Suspected Placenta Accreta During Cesarean Section]","volume":"61","author":"Gredilla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Anestesiol. Reanim."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nitzsche, K., Fitze, G., R\u00fcdiger, M., and Birdir, C. (2020). Prenatal Prediction of Outcome by Fetal Gastroschisis in a Tertiary Referral Center. Diagnostics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10080540"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01944.x","article-title":"Preterm Elective Caesarean Section and Early Enteral Feeding in Gastroschisis","volume":"100","author":"Reigstad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb09975.x","article-title":"Intra-Amniotic Inflammation in Human Gastroschisis: Possible Aetiology of Postnatal Bowel Dysfunction","volume":"105","author":"Morrison","year":"1998","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.068","article-title":"Outcomes of Gastroschisis Early Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"52","author":"Landisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2022.100651","article-title":"Preterm vs Term Delivery in Antenatally Diagnosed Gastroschisis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"4","author":"Goldstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. MFM"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1656191","article-title":"Effects of Gestational Age at Delivery and Type of Labor on Neonatal Outcomes Among Infants with Gastroschisis","volume":"34","author":"Girsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Matern. Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.04.032","article-title":"Risk Stratification of 4344 Patients with Gastroschisis Into Simple and Complex Categories","volume":"42","author":"Arnold","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F126","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2016-312417","article-title":"Prenatal Markers and Longitudinal Follow-up in Simple and Complex Gastroschisis","volume":"103","author":"Hijkoop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child.-Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21888","article-title":"Ultrasound Markers for Prediction of Complex Gastroschisis and Adverse Outcome: Longitudinal Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"55","author":"Lap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1159\/000440699","article-title":"Predicting Perinatal Outcome from Prenatal Ultrasound Characteristics in Pregnancies Complicated by Gastroschisis","volume":"39","author":"Martillotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.08.067","article-title":"It Is Complex: Predicting Gastroschisis Outcomes Using Prenatal Imaging","volume":"258","author":"Fisher","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12565","article-title":"Antenatal Ultrasound Features in Fetuses with Gastroschisis and its Prediction in Neonatal Outcome","volume":"57","author":"Robertson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust. N. Zealand J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, R.G., Mendon\u00e7a, C.R., de Moraes, C.L., Tacon, F.S.d.A., Ramos, L.L.G., e Melo, N.C., Sbragia, L., Amaral, W.N.D., and Ruano, R. (2021). Ultrasound Markers for Complex Gastroschisis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225215"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2018.08.003","article-title":"Surgical Strategies in Complex Gastroschisis","volume":"27","author":"Emil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.05.045","article-title":"Accuracy of Antenatal Ultrasound Signs in Predicting the Risk for Bowel Atresia in Patients with Gastroschisis","volume":"203","author":"Stadler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1265935","article-title":"Management and Outcome Challenges in Newborns with Gastroschisis: A 6-Year Retrospective French Study","volume":"30","author":"Tosello","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Matern. Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3936-2","article-title":"Prenatal Sonographic Ultrasound Predictors for the Outcome in Fetal Gastroschisis: A Retrospective Analysis","volume":"293","author":"Frieauff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2010.29.7.1069","article-title":"Estimation of Fetal Weight in Fetuses with Abdominal Wall Defects","volume":"29","author":"Nicholas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.030","article-title":"Ultrasound Prediction of Birthweight and Growth Restriction in Fetal Gastroschisis","volume":"203","author":"Chaudhury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-022-04416-9","article-title":"Outcome and Management in Neonates with Gastroschisis in the Third Millennium\u2014A Single-Centre Observational Study","volume":"181","author":"Lilja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1393","article-title":"The Association Between Gestational Age at Delivery, Closure Type and Perinatal Outcomes in Neonates with Isolated Gastroschisis","volume":"33","author":"Palatnik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Matern. Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2021.1909563","article-title":"Gastroschisis: A Systematic Review of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment","volume":"35","author":"Ferreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Matern. Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.08.002","article-title":"Immediate Versus Silo Closure for Gastroschisis: Results of a Large Multicenter Study","volume":"55","author":"Hawkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.12.023","article-title":"Contemporary 2-Year Outcomes of Complex Gastroschisis","volume":"47","author":"Emil","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4984","article-title":"What Prenatal Ultrasound Features are Predictable of Complex or Vanishing Gastroschisis? A Retrospective Study","volume":"37","author":"Geslin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.27040","article-title":"Management of Intestinal Atresia in Patients with Gastroschisis","volume":"36","author":"Snyder","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-021-01093-8","article-title":"Outcomes in Gastroschisis: Expectations in the Postnatal Period for Simple vs Complex Gastroschisis","volume":"41","author":"Dekonenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03183.x","article-title":"Is Complex Gastroschisis Predictable by Prenatal Ultrasound?","volume":"119","author":"Kuleva","year":"2012","journal-title":"BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1159\/000464245","article-title":"Sonographic Markers in the Prediction of Fetal Complex Gastroschisis","volume":"43","author":"Andrade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.06.013","article-title":"Contemporary Outcomes of Infants with Gastroschisis in North America: A Multicenter Cohort Study","volume":"188","author":"Fullerton","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5030679","article-title":"Role of Probiotics in Short Bowel Syndrome in Infants and Children\u2014A Systematic Review","volume":"5","author":"Reddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21871","article-title":"Elective Delivery at 34 Weeks vs Routine Obstetric Care in Fetal Gastroschisis: Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"55","author":"Shamshirsaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-021-04894-2","article-title":"Regional Variation in Gastroschisis: A Nationwide Database Review of Demographics and Outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Burjonrappa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.010","article-title":"Flap Versus Fascial Closure for Gastroschisis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"51","author":"Youssef","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.04.032","article-title":"Metaanalysis of the Prevalence of Intrauterine Fetal Death in Gastroschisis","volume":"209","author":"South","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13245","article-title":"Intrauterine Death Rate in Gastroschisis Following the Introduction of an Antenatal Surveillance Program: Retrospective Observational Study","volume":"43","author":"Perry","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/13\/2225\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:03:24Z","timestamp":1760126604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/13\/2225"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics13132225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13132225","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]]}}}