{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:20:00Z","timestamp":1787235600720,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-75-173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-75-173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is highly prevalent after stroke and is considered to be a risk factor for poor post-stroke outcomes. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effect of nocturnal respiratory-related indices based on nocturnal respiratory polygraphy on clinical outcomes (including mortality and non-fatal events) in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: A total of 328 consecutive patients (181 (55%) males, mean age 65.8 \u00b1 11.2 years old) with confirmed ischemic stroke admitted to a stroke unit within 24 h after stroke onset were included in the analysis. All patients underwent standard diagnostic and treatment procedures, and sleep polygraphy was performed within the clinical routine in the first 72 h after admission. The long-term outcomes were assessed by cumulative endpoint (death of any cause, new non-fatal myocardial infarction, new non-fatal stroke\/transient ischemic attack, emergency revascularization, emergency hospitalization due to the worsening of cardiovascular disease). A Cox-regression analysis was applied to evaluate the effects of nocturnal respiratory indices on survival. Results: The mean follow-up period comprised 12 months (maximal\u201448 months). Patients with unfavourable outcomes demonstrated a higher obstructive apnea-hypopnea index, a higher hypoxemia burden assessed as a percent of the time with SpO2 &lt; 90%, a higher average desaturation drop, and a higher respiratory rate at night. Survival time was significantly lower (30.6 (26.5; 34.7) versus 37.9 (34.2; 41.6) months (Log Rank 6.857, p = 0.009)) in patients with higher hypoxemia burden (SpO2 &lt; 90% during \u22652.1% versus &lt;2.1% of total analyzed time). However, survival time did not differ depending on the SDB presence assessed by AHI thresholds (either \u22655 or \u226515\/h). The multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression (backward stepwise analysis) model demonstrated that the parameters of hypoxemia burden were significantly associated with survival time, independent of age, stroke severity, stroke-related medical interventions, comorbidities, and laboratory tests. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the indices of hypoxemia burden have additional independent predictive value for long-term outcomes (mortality and non-fatal cardiovascular events) after ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13132246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:42:46Z","timestamp":1688344966000},"page":"2246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Prognosis after Ischemic Stroke: It Is Not Apnea-Hypopnea Index That Matters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Korostovtseva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7408-9613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Bochkarev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Amelina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, Herzen State Pedagogical University, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uliana","family":"Nikishkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Pavlov University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2944-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Osipenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Pavlov University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6158-7255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Vasilieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7934-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladislav","family":"Zheleznyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Zabroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Biology Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Gordeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"Biology Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Golovkova-Kucheryavaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislav","family":"Yanishevskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurii","family":"Sviryaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Konradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00252-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990\u20132019: A 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