{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:12:41Z","timestamp":1771027961845,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Thyroid metastases (TMs) are a rare entity, ranging between 0 and 24% in the autopsy series. In the assessment of the best management, the discrimination between a primary and a metastatic thyroid lesion is crucial. In this regard, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is likely to play a crucial role especially when ancillary techniques (i.e., immunocytochemistry (ICC) and molecular testing) are carried out. Methods: We searched for all the TMs diagnosed using FNAC and analyzed between 2014 and 2023. The cases were processed with liquid-based (LBC) and ICC and molecular testing performed on LBC-stored material. Results: We reported 2.2% (19 cases) of TMs out of 1022 malignancies. TMs included: 1 larynx carcinoma (LX-Ca), 1 melanoma, 2 breast carcinomas (B-Ca), 3 lung carcinomas (LG-Ca), 4 gastro-intestinal carcinomas (GI-Ca), and 8 clear cell renal carcinomas (CCRC). All patients had a previous cancer history, between 300 and 2 months from the primary cancers. The morphological features were supported by ICC, which were contributive in 100% of cases. All TMs cases were characterized by multiple thyroid nodules except the melanoma case. Four cases underwent total thyroidectomy (1 B, 1 LX, 1 melanoma, and 1 CCRC) whilst 15 TMs were treated with radio-chemotherapy. Conclusions: FNAC empowered the diagnostic workup of patients with TMs avoiding useless surgery. The low sensitivity of cytology might be reinforced by the application of ancillary techniques. We found a predominant rate of kidney metastatic carcinomas, followed by lung and breast. TMs are frequently multifocal and in a context of a systemic disease so a tailored therapy seems to be the best treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13142388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T01:35:16Z","timestamp":1689644116000},"page":"2388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Updates from Our Institutional Experience with Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed as Metastases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3819-4229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther Diana","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3489-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmine","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Tralongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Policardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Vegni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Feraco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3348-055X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Pontecorvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Fadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celestino Pio","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrine Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1259-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Raffaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrine Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Mul\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1739-4758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi Maria","family":"Larocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, \u201cAgostino Gemelli\u201d School of Medicine, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21494","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration biopsy of secondary neoplasms of the thyroid gland: A multi-institutional study of 62 cases","volume":"123","author":"Pusztaszeri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20001225)90:6<357::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Usefulness of fine- needle aspiration in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas. 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