{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:26:48Z","timestamp":1790803608439,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20200354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESDEPED 2023\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESDEPED 2023\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006400","name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Hidalgo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20200354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006400","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006400","name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Hidalgo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ESDEPED 2023\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ESDEPED 2023\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006400","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is one of the leading neurodegenerative disorders. It is considered a movement disorder, although it is accepted that many nonmotor symptoms accompany the classic motor symptoms. PD exhibits heterogeneous and overlaying clinical symptoms, and the overlap of motor and nonmotor symptoms complicates the clinical diagnosis and management. Loss of modulation secondary to the absence of dopamine due to degeneration of the substantia nigra compacta produces changes in firing rates and patterns, oscillatory activity, and higher interneuronal synchronization in the basal ganglia\u2013thalamus\u2013cortex and nigrovagal network involvement in motor and nonmotor symptoms. These neurophysiological changes can be monitored by electrophysiological assessment. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of neurophysiological changes, especially in the network oscillation in the beta-band level associated with parkinsonism, and to discuss the use of these methods to optimize the diagnosis and management of PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13142394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:54:01Z","timestamp":1689728041000},"page":"2394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Neurophysiology of Brain Networks Underlies Symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Basis for Diagnosis and Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Martha Teresa","family":"Acosta-Mejia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea Acad\u00e9mica de Nutrici\u00f3n, \u00c1rea Acad\u00e9mica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda La Concepci\u00f3n, Sn Agustin Tlaxiaca, Estado de Hidalgo 42160, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9538-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson","family":"Villalobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academia de Fisiolog\u00eda, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico, Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Colonia Casco de Santo Tom\u00e1s, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico"},{"name":"Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y D\u00edaz Mir\u00f3n, Colonia Casco de Santo Tom\u00e1s, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators (2019). 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