{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T08:05:38Z","timestamp":1785225938631,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hindered by its unspecific clinical and phenotypical presentation, cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) remains a challenging diagnosis. Objective: Utilizing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), we acquired multi-chamber volumetrics and strain feature tracking for a support vector machine learning (SVM)-based diagnostic approach to CS. Method: Forty-five CMR-negative (CMR(\u2212), 56.5(53.0;63.0)years), eighteen CMR-positive (CMR(+), 64.0(57.8;67.0)years) sarcoidosis patients and forty-four controls (CTRL, 56.5(53.0;63.0)years)) underwent CMR examination. Cardiac parameters were processed using the classifiers of logistic regression, KNN(K-nearest-neighbor), DT (decision tree), RF (random forest), SVM, GBoost, XGBoost, Voting and feature selection. Results: In a three-cluster analysis of CTRL versus vs. CMR(+) vs. CMR(\u2212), RF and Voting classifier yielded the highest prediction rates (81.82%). The two-cluster analysis of CTRL vs. all sarcoidosis (All Sarc.) yielded high prediction rates with the classifiers logistic regression, RF and SVM (96.97%), and low prediction rates for the analysis of CMR(+) vs. CMR(\u2212), which were augmented using feature selection with logistic regression (89.47%). Conclusion: Multi-chamber cardiac function and strain-based supervised machine learning provides a non-contrast approach to accurately differentiate between healthy individuals and sarcoidosis patients. Feature selection overcomes the algorithmically challenging discrimination between CMR(+) and CMR(\u2212) patients, yielding high accuracy predictions. The study findings imply higher prevalence of cardiac involvement than previously anticipated, which may impact clinical disease management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13142426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T01:52:35Z","timestamp":1689904355000},"page":"2426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Machine-Learning-Based Diagnostics of Cardiac Sarcoidosis Using Multi-Chamber Wall Motion Analyses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5172-8080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Eckstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, University of Bochum, 32545 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-8233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negin","family":"Moghadasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Systems & Environment, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5425-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermann","family":"K\u00f6rperich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, University of Bochum, 32545 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehsan","family":"Akkuzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, University of Bochum, 32545 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6303-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Sciacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North-Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-5862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Sohns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North-Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3037-8704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Electrophysiology, Heart and Diabetes Center North-Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center North-Rhine Westphalia, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Paluszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Institute and Clinic, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Burchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, University of Bochum, 32545 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0539-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misagh","family":"Piran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, University of Bochum, 32545 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"840","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Sarcoidosis","volume":"93","author":"Peters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. 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