{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:17:37Z","timestamp":1792750657129,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis and removal of colonic polyps. Delays in colonoscopy following a positive fecal immunochemical test increase the likelihood of advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer (CRC) occurrence. However, patients may refuse to undergo conventional colonoscopy (CC) due to fear of possible risks and pain or discomfort. In this regard, patients undergoing CC frequently require sedation to better tolerate the procedure, increasing the risk of deep sedation or other complications related to sedation. Accordingly, the use of CC as a first-line screening strategy for CRC is hampered by patients\u2019 reluctance due to its invasiveness and anxiety about possible discomfort. To overcome the limitations of CC and improve patients\u2019 compliance, several studies have investigated the use of robotic colonoscopy (RC) both in experimental models and in vivo. Self-propelling robotic colonoscopes have proven to be promising thanks to their peculiar dexterity and adaptability to the shape of the lower gastrointestinal tract, allowing a virtually painless examination of the colon. In some instances, when alternatives to CC and RC are required, barium enema (BE), computed tomographic colonography (CTC), and colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) may be options. However, BE and CTC are limited by the need for subsequent investigations whenever suspicious lesions are found. In this narrative review, we discussed the current clinical applications of RC, CTC, and CCE, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different endoscopic procedures, with a particular focus on RC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13142452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T01:08:11Z","timestamp":1690160891000},"page":"2452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Robotic Colonoscopy and Beyond: Insights into Modern Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Tumino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56125 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6985-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierfrancesco","family":"Visaggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56125 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Bolognesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56125 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3175-5548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Coda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Centre, Division of Surgery, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford RM70AG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purushothaman","family":"Premchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Disease Centre, Division of Surgery, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford RM70AG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6387-6443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"de Bortoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Marciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endoscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56125 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0106","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Review","volume":"325","author":"Biller","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.02.037","article-title":"Autonomously Controlled Magnetic Flexible Endoscope for Colon Exploration","volume":"154","author":"Slawinski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2019.02.021","article-title":"Screening for Colon Cancer in Older Adults: Risks, Benefits, and When to Stop","volume":"95","author":"Nee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Visaggi, P., Barberio, B., Ghisa, M., Ribolsi, M., Savarino, V., Fassan, M., Valmasoni, M., Marchi, S., de Bortoli, N., and Savarino, E. (2021). Modern Diagnosis of Early Esophageal Cancer: From Blood Biomarkers to Advanced Endoscopy and Artificial Intelligence. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13133162"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001629","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases","volume":"56","author":"Visaggi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1159\/000507701","article-title":"Non-Invasive Colorectal Cancer Screening: An Overview","volume":"7","author":"Tepus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Tumors"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pkz024","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkz024","article-title":"Delayed Colonoscopy Following a Positive Fecal Test Result and Cancer Mortality","volume":"3","author":"Flugelman","year":"2019","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322192","article-title":"Non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test doubles the risk of dying from colorectal cancer","volume":"71","author":"Zorzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619828185","article-title":"The compliance rate for the second diagnostic evaluation after a positive fecal occult blood test: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Leibovitzh","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Eur. Gastroenterol. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312303292701","article-title":"Prevention of Colorectal Cancer by Colonoscopic Polypectomy","volume":"329","author":"Winawer","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(2013). Vital signs: Colorectal cancer screening test use--United States, 2012. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 62, 881\u2013888."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendivil, J., Appierto, M., Aceituno, S., Comas, M., and Ru\u00e9, M. (2019). Economic evaluations of screening strategies for the early detection of colorectal cancer in the average-risk population: A systematic literature review. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227251"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g2467","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2467","article-title":"Effect of screening sigmoidoscopy and screening colonoscopy on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"348","author":"Brenner","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328314b7e3","article-title":"Minor adverse events of colonoscopy on ambulatory patients: The impact of moderate sedation","volume":"21","author":"Baudet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.12.040","article-title":"A national study of cardiopulmonary unplanned events after GI endoscopy","volume":"66","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(02)00076-7","article-title":"The role of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy in the diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal disorders: Technique, indications, and contraindications","volume":"86","author":"Cappell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)02453-8","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of cecal barotrauma caused by colonoscope air flow and pressure","volume":"61","author":"Woltjen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03356.x","article-title":"Endoscopic perforation of the colon: Lessons from a 10-year study","volume":"95","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2003.202","article-title":"Infectious disease complications of GI endoscopy: Part I, endogenous infections","volume":"57","author":"Nelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2008.06.001","article-title":"Indications and techniques for lower intestinal endoscopy","volume":"22","author":"Jechart","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.08.058","article-title":"Faculty Opinions recommendation of Bleeding and perforation after outpatient colonoscopy and their risk factors in usual clinical practice","volume":"135","author":"Rabeneck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1010734","article-title":"Complications of Diagnostic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy","volume":"22","author":"Hart","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.00320.x","article-title":"Deep Sedation Occurs Frequently During Elective Endoscopy with Meperidine and Midazolam","volume":"100","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.120709","article-title":"Low adherence to colonoscopy in the screening of first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"56","author":"Bujanda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2010.06.007","article-title":"The intelligent, painless, \u201cgerm-free\u201d colonoscopy: A Columbus\u2019 egg for increasing population adherence to colorectal cancer screening?","volume":"42","author":"Perri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.12.062","article-title":"Sightline ColonoSight system for a disposable, power-assisted, non-fiber-optic colonoscopy (with video)","volume":"68","author":"Shike","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.01002.x","article-title":"Computer-Assisted Colonoscopy (The NeoGuide Endoscopy System): Results of the First Human Clinical Trial (\u201cPACE Study\u201d)","volume":"102","author":"Eickhoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2007.10.065","article-title":"A motor-driven single-use colonoscope controlled with a hand-held device: A feasibility study in volunteers","volume":"67","author":"Adler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2016.132","article-title":"Painless Colonoscopy: Available Techniques and Instruments","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880903200806","article-title":"Functional evaluation of the endotics system, a new disposable self-propelled robotic colonoscope: In vitro tests and clinical trial","volume":"32","author":"Cosentino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5452","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v16.i43.5452","article-title":"Endotics system vs colonoscopy for the detection of polyps","volume":"16","author":"Tumino","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"819","article-title":"Use of robotic colonoscopy in patients with previous incomplete colonoscopy","volume":"21","author":"Tumino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-019-07332-6","article-title":"Robotic colonoscopy: Efficacy, tolerability and safety. Preliminary clinical results from a pilot study","volume":"34","author":"Trecca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.12.018","article-title":"The aer-o-scope: Proof of concept of a pneumatic, skill-independent, self-propelling, self-navigating colonoscope","volume":"130","author":"Vucelic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.08.083","article-title":"A novel self-propelled disposable colonoscope is effective for colonoscopy in humans (with video)","volume":"83","author":"Gluck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1258-4819","article-title":"Imaging alternatives to colonoscopy: CT colonography and colon capsule. European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) Guideline\u2014Update 2020","volume":"52","author":"Spada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1308-1297","article-title":"Colon capsule endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: A systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Vuik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verra, M., Firrincieli, A., Chiurazzi, M., Mariani, A., Secco, G.L., Forcignan\u00f2, E., Koulaouzidis, A., Menciassi, A., Dario, P., and Ciuti, G. (2020). Robotic-Assisted Colonoscopy Platform with a Magnetically-Actuated Soft-Tethered Capsule. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092485"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5772\/60134","article-title":"A New Concept for Magnetic Capsule Colonoscopy Based on an Electromagnetic System","volume":"12","author":"Lucarini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta19540","article-title":"Computed tomographic colonography compared with colonoscopy or barium enema for diagnosis of colorectal cancer in older symptomatic patients: Two multicentre randomised trials with economic evaluation (the SIGGAR trials)","volume":"19","author":"Halligan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Technol. Assess."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62186-2","article-title":"Computed tomographic colonography versus colonoscopy for investigation of patients with symptoms suggestive of colorectal cancer (SIGGAR): A multicentre randomised trial","volume":"381","author":"Atkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.58","article-title":"CT-Colonography vs. Colonoscopy for Detection of High-Risk Sessile Serrated Polyps","volume":"111","author":"IJspeert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12055","article-title":"The serrated pathway to colorectal carcinoma: Current concepts and challenges","volume":"62","author":"Bettington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"e38410","article-title":"A Head-to-Head Comparison of Computed Tomography Colonography, Optical Colonoscopy, and Colon Endoscopic Capsule for the Detection of Polyps After Partial Colectomy or Rectosigmoidectomy for Colorectal Cancer: A Pilot Study","volume":"15","author":"Sakai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322578","article-title":"Multicentre, prospective, randomised study comparing the diagnostic yield of colon capsule endoscopy versus CT colonography in a screening population (the TOPAZ study)","volume":"70","author":"Cash","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306550","article-title":"Colon capsule versus CT colonography in patients with incomplete colonoscopy: A prospective, comparative trial","volume":"64","author":"Spada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deding, U., Valdivia, P.C., Koulaouzidis, A., Baatrup, G., Toth, E., Spada, C., Fern\u00e1ndez-Uri\u00e9n, I., Pennazio, M., and Bj\u00f8rsum-Meyer, T. (2021). Patient-Reported Outcomes and Preferences for Colon Capsule Endoscopy and Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11091730"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.16029","article-title":"ScotCap\u2014A large observational cohort study","volume":"24","author":"MacLeod","year":"2022","journal-title":"Color. Dis."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1658","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1529-5814","article-title":"Efficacy of bowel preparation regimens for colon capsule endoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"09","author":"Valdivia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valdivia, P.C., Deding, U., Bj\u00f8rsum-Meyer, T., Baatrup, G., Fern\u00e1ndez-Uri\u00e9n, I., Dray, X., Boal-Carvalho, P., Ellul, P., Toth, E., and Rondonotti, E. (2022). Inter\/Intra-Observer Agreement in Video-Capsule Endoscopy: Are We Getting It All Wrong? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12102400"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S353527","article-title":"The Effect of Prucalopride on the Completion Rate and Polyp Detection Rate of Colon Capsule Endoscopies","volume":"14","author":"Deding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1363","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0732-494","article-title":"Booster medication to achieve capsule excretion in colon capsule endoscopy: A randomized controlled trial of three regimens","volume":"06","author":"Kroijer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endosc. Int. Open"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16778","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of oesophageal diseases","volume":"55","author":"Visaggi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwad014","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence-Aided Colonoscopy for Adenoma Detection in Colon Cancer Screening","volume":"6","author":"Barkun","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Can. Assoc. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, J., Liu, K., Gao, L., Zhao, X., Zhu, S., Han, Y., and Liu, Z. (2023). Computer-aided diagnosis in predicting the invasion depth of early colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. Surg. Endosc., 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-023-10223-6"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karsenti, D., Tharsis, G., Perrot, B., Cattan, P., du Sert, A.P., Venezia, F., Zrihen, E., Gillet, A., Lab, J.-P., and Tordjman, G. (2023). Effect of real-time computer-aided detection of colorectal adenoma in routine colonoscopy (COLO-GENIUS): A single-centre randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00104-8"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1950-5694","article-title":"Expected value of artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement","volume":"54","author":"Messmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14531","article-title":"Benefits and challenges in implementation of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy: World Endoscopy Organization position statement","volume":"35","author":"Mori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dig. Endosc."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"713","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of capsule endoscopy compared with colonoscopy for polyp detection: Systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"53","author":"Kaalby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"}],"container-title":["Diagnostics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/14\/2452\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:17:29Z","timestamp":1760127449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4418\/13\/14\/2452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["diagnostics13142452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13142452","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4418"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4418","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]]}}}