{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:09:14Z","timestamp":1791925754145,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2022-I2M-C&T-B-076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-I2M-C&T-B-076"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021-12M-C&T-B-062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-12M-C&T-B-062"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study aimed to investigate the natural growth history of peripheral small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) using CT imaging. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 27 patients with peripheral SCLC who underwent at least two CT scans. Two methods were used: Method 1 involved direct measurement of nodule dimensions using a calliper, while Method 2 involved tumour lesion segmentation and voxel volume calculation using the \u201cpy-radiomics\u201d package in Python. Agreement between the two methods was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Volume doubling time (VDT) and growth rate (GR) were used as evaluation indices for SCLC growth, and growth distribution based on GR and volume measurements were depicted. We collected potential factors related to imaging VDT and performed a differential analysis. Patients were classified into slow-growing and fast-growing groups based on a VDT cut-off point of 60 days, and univariate analysis was used to identify factors influencing VDT. Results: Median VDT calculated by the two methods were 61 days and 71 days, respectively, with strong agreement. All patients had continuously growing tumours, and none had tumours that decreased in size or remained unchanged. Eight patients showed possible growth patterns, with six possibly exhibiting exponential growth and two possibly showing Gompertzian growth. Tumours deeper in the lung grew faster than those adjacent to the pleura. Conclusions: Peripheral SCLC tumours grow rapidly and continuously without periods of nongrowth or regression. Tumours located deeper in the lung tend to grow faster, but further research is needed to confirm this finding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13152560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:14:40Z","timestamp":1690881280000},"page":"2560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Observational Study of the Natural Growth History of Peripheral Small-Cell Lung Cancer on CT Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi-Han","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Shan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Beijing 100600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7700-0357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7592-2091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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