{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:57:12Z","timestamp":1789070232025,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development, Poland","award":["STRATEGMED1\/233368\/1\/NCBR\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STRATEGMED1\/233368\/1\/NCBR\/2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an auto-immune, chronic, neuroinflammatory, demyelinating disease that affects mainly young patients. This progressive inflammatory process causes the chronic loss of brain tissue and results in a deterioration in quality of life. To monitor neuroinflammatory process activity and predict the further development of disease, it is necessary to find a suitable biomarker that could easily be used. In this research, we verify the usability of choroid plexus (CP) volume, a new MS biomarker, in the monitoring of the progression of multiple sclerosis disease. (2) Methods: A single-center, prospective study with three groups of patients was conducted based on the following groups: MS patients who received experimental cellular therapy (Treg), treatment-na\u00efve MS patients and healthy controls. (3) Results: This study concludes that there is a correlation between the CPV\/TIV (choroid plexus\/total intracranial volume) ratio and the progress of multiple sclerosis disease\u2014patients with MS (MS + Treg) had larger volumes of choroid plexuses. CPV\/TIV ratios in MS groups were constantly and significantly growing. In the Treg group, patients with relapses had larger plexuses in comparison to the group with no relapses of MS. A similar correlation was observed for the GD+ group (patients with postcontrast enhancing plaques) compared against the non-GD group (patients without postcontrast enhancing plaques). (4) Conclusion: Choroid plexus volume, due to its immunological function, correlates with the inflammatory process in the central nervous system. We consider it to become a valuable radiological biomarker of MS activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13162668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T10:28:13Z","timestamp":1692008893000},"page":"2668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Choroid Plexus Volume Change\u2014A Candidate for a New Radiological Marker of MS Progression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3606-8915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Jankowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Chwojnicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Debinki 7, 80-210 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6533-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Grzywi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology and Neuroinformatics, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Debinki 7, 80-210 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5287-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Trzonkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Debinki 7, 80-210 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7042-4381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Szurowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70064-8","article-title":"The Changing Demographic Pattern of Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology","volume":"9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3871","article-title":"Immunopathology of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Dendrou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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