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Therefore, quantitative brain morphometry has often been employed in neuroscience investigations, while controlling for the scanner effect of the scanner is a critical issue for ensuring accuracy in brain morphometric studies of rare orphan diseases due to the lack of normal reference values available for multicenter studies. This study aimed to provide across-site normal reference values of global and regional brain volumes for each sex and age group in children and adolescents. We collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 846 neurotypical participants aged 6.0\u201317.9 years (339 male and 507 female participants) from 5 institutions comprising healthy volunteers or neurotypical patients without neurological disorders, neuropsychological disorders, or epilepsy. Regional-based analysis using the CIVET 2.1.0. pipeline provided regional brain volumes, and the measurements were across-site combined using ComBat-GAM harmonization. The normal reference values of global and regional brain volumes and lateral indices in our study could be helpful for evaluating the characteristics of the brain morphology of each individual in a clinical setting and investigating the brain morphology of ultra-rare diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13172774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T03:45:42Z","timestamp":1693194342000},"page":"2774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Brain Morphometry Study with Across-Site Harmonization Using a ComBat-Generalized Additive Model in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0076-5882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadashi","family":"Shiohama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8677, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0943-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norihide","family":"Maikusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9219-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Kawaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2081-9449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Natsume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Developmental Disability Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3844-3061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8677, Chiba, Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keito","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, 477-96 Owadashinden, Yachiyo-shi 276-8524, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-ichi","family":"Takanashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, 477-96 Owadashinden, Yachiyo-shi 276-8524, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Levman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, 5005 Chapel Square, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada"},{"name":"Athinoula A. 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