{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:07:24Z","timestamp":1777388844692,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to research the influence of psychological confounders on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after lumbar infiltration therapies of periradicular infiltrations (PRI). Patients who underwent PRI in a single center between June 2018 and December 2019 were included. PRI was performed in patients with predominantly unilateral lumbar radiculopathy which existed for at least 6 weeks based on single-level nerve root compression (caused by a herniated disc, stenosis of the lateral recess, or neuroforamen), confirmed by morphological imaging. The numeric pain rating scale (NRS) for back pain (BP) and leg pain (LP) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were assessed preinterventionally, on the first day (only NRS) and at 6 weeks, and then 3, 6, and 12 months postinterventionally. The minimally clinically important difference (MCID) served as the threshold for the therapeutic effectiveness evaluation. The health-related quality of life (SF-36) was recorded preinterventionally and after 12 months. Based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the patients were dichotomized into depressed or nondepressed and anxious or nonanxious. Categorical data were evaluated using Fisher\u2019s exact test, and continuous data were evaluated using Student\u2019s t test. Separate linear mixed models were built to estimate the effect of anxiety or depression on repeatedly measured PROs following PRI. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The analysis included 102 patients. Most mean baseline PROs were significantly worse in anxious or depressed patients than in nonanxious or nondepressed patients: Anxiety NRS-BP (p = 0.007), ODI (p &lt; 0.001); Depression NRS-BP (p = 0.026), NRS-LP (p &lt; 0.001), ODI (p &lt; 0.001). All patients showed a clinically meaningful reduction in pain and functional improvement over a 12-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in the estimated overall mean PRO between all patients (p &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, anxiety and depression are associated with worse PROs before and after PRI. However, patients with underlying depression or anxiety can expect a similar gain in PRO compared to patients without depressive or anxious symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13182882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T07:57:17Z","timestamp":1694159837000},"page":"2882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How Does Anxiety and Depression Affect the Outcome after Periradicular Infiltration Therapy?\u2014A Retrospective Analysis of Patients Undergoing CT-Guided Single-Level Nerve Root Infiltration Due to Chronic Monoradicular Pain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chris","family":"Lindemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Jena University Hospital, Campus Eisenberg, Friedrich Schiller University, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"H\u00f6lzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Jena University Hospital, Campus Eisenberg, Friedrich Schiller University, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6976-8953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"B\u00f6hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Jena University Hospital, Campus Eisenberg, Friedrich Schiller University, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Zippelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Strube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Jena University Hospital, Campus Eisenberg, Friedrich Schiller University, 07607 Eisenberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12018","article-title":"Epidemiology of low back pain in adults","volume":"17","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny062","article-title":"Pain Intensity, Disability, and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: Does Age Matter?","volume":"20","author":"Wettstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.10.005","article-title":"A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and interna-tionally","volume":"8","author":"Dagenais","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.03.017","article-title":"Real-world practice patterns, health-care utiliza-tion, and costs in patients with low back pain: The long road to guideline-concordant care","volume":"11","author":"Ivanova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E531","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2019.19.E531","article-title":"Utilization of Interventional Techniques in Managing Chronic Pain In Medicare Popu-lation from 2000 to 2014: An Analysis of Patterns of Utilization","volume":"19","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"Cd013577","article-title":"Epidural corticosteroid injections for lumbosacral radicular pain","volume":"4","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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