{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:03:18Z","timestamp":1782918198314,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo Federal of Secretar\u00eda de Salud","award":["INP: 063\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INP: 063\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptorchidism (CO) is a risk factor for the development of testicular germ-cell tumors (TGCT). This is supported by reports showing the persistence of gonocytes in CO patients. These cells are proposed to be related to the development of germ-cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), which is considered the precursor stage\/lesion of TGCT. Therefore, it is proposed that some patients with CO could express some molecular markers related to TGCT. In this study, we analyzed testicular tissue samples from CO, TGCT, and controls. We determined the expression of POU5F1, PLAP, and KIT by immunohistochemistry and that of the hsa-miR-371-373 cluster, hsa-miR-367, and LATS2, PTEN, and IGFR1 genes by RT-qPCR. We then carried out a bioinformatic analysis to identify other possible candidate genes as tumor biomarkers. We found that 16.7% (2\/12) of the CO patients presented increased expression of POU5F1, KIT, PLAP, hsa-miR-371-373, and hsa-miR-367 and decreased expression of LATS2 and IGF1R. Finally, the genes ARID4B, GALNT3, and KPNA6 were identified as other possible candidate tumor biomarkers. This is the first report describing the expression of the hsa-miR-371-373 cluster, hsa-miR-367, LATS2, and IGF1R in the testicular tissues of two CO patients with cells immune-positive to POU5F1, PLAP, and KIT, which is similar to what is observed in TGCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13183020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T21:16:49Z","timestamp":1695331009000},"page":"3020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Patients with Cryptorchidism: Preliminary Search for an Expression Profile Related to That of Testicular Germ-Cell Tumors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Garc\u00eda-Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico"},{"name":"Posgrado en Biolog\u00eda Experimental, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09310, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0187-1994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Mar\u00eda","family":"Vigueras-Villase\u00f1or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita Dolores","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Salda\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7988-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio C\u00e9sar","family":"Rojas-Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1361-3573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan Uriel","family":"Bahena-Ocampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de Mexico 09310, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0787-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Ar\u00e9chaga-Ocampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico 05348, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3227-3666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Flores-Fortis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de Mexico 05348, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"D\u00edaz-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en C\u00e1ncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas-Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3998-9306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alonso","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en C\u00e1ncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas-Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud-Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Ciudad de Mexico 14380, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9226-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Adrian","family":"Landero-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Ciudad de Mexico 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101619","article-title":"Genetics of cryptorchidism and testicular regression","volume":"36","author":"Elamo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Pr. 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