{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:01:15Z","timestamp":1783004475375,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This prospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) V4c implantation on retinal and choroidal morphology in patients with high myopia. A total of 97 eyes from 52 high myopic patients who underwent ICL V4c implantation were followed up for 12 months. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations included comprehensive ophthalmic assessments and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) to analyze changes in central retinal thickness (CRT), retinal volume (CRV), choroidal thickness (ChT), total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), and choroidal vascular index (CVI). Repeated measures mixed-effects models were used for comparing pre- and postoperative measurement variables and exploring relationships among age, axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and postoperative retinal and choroidal changes, with statistical significance set at p &lt; 0.05. Follow-up assessments were conducted at various time points, with participation rates ranging from 21% to 98%. Baseline characteristics showed a median age of 26.7 years, \u221210.14 diopters of SER, and an AL of 27.44 mm. Throughout the 12-month follow-up, CRT and 3.0 mm CRV consistently increased compared to the baseline, with statistically significant rises observed at postoperative day 1, week 1, and month 12. Most ChT measurements, including subfoveal ChT, declined over the 12 months, except at postoperative 6 months. Horizontal and vertical TCA and LA values significantly increased throughout the follow-up, except for month 6. After surgery, both horizontal and vertical CVI parameters exhibited an increase compared to the baseline, with some changes reaching statistical significance. Correlation analysis performed by repeated measures mixed-effects models showed that no relationship was found between age, AL, and SER and changes in postoperative retinal parameters and CVI parameters. However, postoperative changes in ChT and choroidal area parameters showed a negative correlation with AL and a positive correlation with SER. Our research demonstrated that ICL V4c implantation resulted in noteworthy alterations in retinal and choroidal morphology over a 1-year follow-up period. Moreover, in patients with high myopia, individuals with longer AL and higher degrees of myopia exhibited more pronounced postoperative changes in the choroid and retina. Further studies with extended follow-up durations are necessary to comprehensively understand the long-term effects of ICL implantation on retinal and choroidal morphology and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13193097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T04:17:19Z","timestamp":1696220239000},"page":"3097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Retinal and Choroidal Changes Following Implantable Collamer Lens V4c Implantation in High Myopia Patients\u2014A 1-Year Follow-Up Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Ocular Trauma Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianjin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children\u2019s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4595-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiteng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Ocular Trauma Center, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingtao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.06.015","article-title":"Ten-year clinical outcomes after implantation of a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens for myopia","volume":"45","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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