{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:58:36Z","timestamp":1792789116407,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17\/RC-PhD\/3482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\/RC-PhD\/3482"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research","award":["17\/RC-PhD\/3482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\/RC-PhD\/3482"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Asphyxia, a leading cause of illness and death in newborns, can be improved by early detection and management. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is commonly used to diagnose and manage asphyxia, but it is invasive and carries risks. Dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is an alternative physiological fluid that can provide valuable information about a person\u2019s health. ISF is more sensitive to severe hypoxia and metabolic disorders compared to blood, making it an attractive option for minimally invasive asphyxia detection using biosensors. However, obtaining ISF samples from humans is challenging due to ethical concerns and sampling difficulties. To address this, researchers are developing ISF-mimicking solutions as substitutes for early testing and evaluation of biosensors. This paper focuses on the development of these solutions for bench-based testing and validation of continuous asphyxia-monitoring biosensors. With an understanding of the factors influencing system quality and performance, these solutions can aid in the design of biosensors for in vivo monitoring of dermal ISF. Monitoring interstitial fluid pH levels can provide valuable insights into the severity and progression of asphyxia, aiding in accurate diagnosis and informed treatment decisions. In this study, buffer solutions were prepared to mimic the pH of ISF, and their electrical properties were analyzed. The results suggest that certain buffers can effectively mimic metabolic acidosis associated with asphyxia (pH &lt; 7.30), while others can mimic metabolic alkalosis (pH &gt; 7.45). Overall, this research contributes to the development of ISF-mimicking solutions and lays the groundwork for biosensor systems that monitor dermal ISF in real time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13193125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T07:47:52Z","timestamp":1696405672000},"page":"3125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Development and Characterization of Interstitial-Fluid-Mimicking Solutions for Pre-Clinical Assessment of Hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nadia Muhammad","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Device Lab, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4340-1387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Device Lab, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"O\u2019Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Device Lab, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0988-5776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Elahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medical Device Lab, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7000","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20047000","article-title":"Perinatal Asphyxia: A Review from a Metabolomics Perspective","volume":"20","author":"Fattuoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2016.04.003","article-title":"Perinatal Asphyxia from the Obstetric Standpoint: Diagnosis and Interventions","volume":"43","author":"Herrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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