{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:41:27Z","timestamp":1792194087358,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":306,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia","award":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK06\/USM\/02\/7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK06\/USM\/02\/7"]}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia","award":["304.CIPPM.6315337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304.CIPPM.6315337"]}]},{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Short-Term Grant","award":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK06\/USM\/02\/7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2022\/SKK06\/USM\/02\/7"]}]},{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Short-Term Grant","award":["304.CIPPM.6315337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304.CIPPM.6315337"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, posing a significant threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. The accurate and timely detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is crucial for implementing appropriate treatment strategies and preventing the spread of resistant strains. This manuscript provides an overview of the current and emerging technologies used for the detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We discuss traditional culture-based methods, molecular techniques, and innovative approaches, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential future applications. By understanding the strengths and limitations of these technologies, researchers and healthcare professionals can make informed decisions in combating antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13203246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T10:36:56Z","timestamp":1697625416000},"page":"3246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":211,"title":["Current and Future Technologies for the Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1799-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Yamin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Karak Public Hospital, Karak 61210, Jordan"},{"name":"Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vuk","family":"Uskokovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TardigradeNano LLC., Irvine, CA 92604, USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abubakar","family":"Wakil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600104, Borno, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1301-5351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Goni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health and Zoonoses Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazana","family":"Shamsuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatin","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bharu 81310, Johor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wadha","family":"Alfouzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait"},{"name":"Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania 85000, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4045-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Alissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6861-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amer","family":"Alshengeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Almaghrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-0642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Fares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Garout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2180-4158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nawal","family":"Al Kaabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3143-3023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alshehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6215-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamza","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6774-9847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Rabaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimah","family":"Aldubisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics 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