{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T03:32:55Z","timestamp":1784950375501,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heart Institute\u2014University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are still highly prevalent, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. RHD is a neglected and underdiagnosed disease for which no specific laboratory diagnostic test is completely reliable. This is a retrospective observational study, which included 118 patients with RHD who underwent cardiac surgery from 1985 to 2018. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological, echocardiographic and pathological characteristics in two cohorts of RHD patients: one cohort with Aschoff bodies present in their pathological results and the other without such histopathological characteristics. No conventional clinical and laboratory tests for RHD myocarditis were able to identify active carditis during the preoperative phase of valve repair or replacement. Patients who had Aschoff bodies in their pathological results were younger (median age of 13 years (11\u201324 years) vs. 27 years (17\u201337 years), p = 0.001) and had higher rate of late mortality (22.9% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.043). In conclusion, the presence of Aschoff bodies in pathological findings may predict increased long-term mortality, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive pathology analysis for suspected myocarditis during heart surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13203252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T07:15:36Z","timestamp":1697699736000},"page":"3252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidental Diagnosis of Rheumatic Myocarditis during Cardiac Surgery\u2014Impact on Late Prognosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Paulo","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus 1 Interlagos, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo 04829-300, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hospital (HC), S\u00e3o Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), S\u00e3o Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6521-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), S\u00e3o Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), S\u00e3o Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Demarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), S\u00e3o Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7952-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Hospital, Santa Marcelina University, Sao Paulo 08270-140, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiza","family":"Guilherme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), S\u00e3o Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Tarasoutchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), S\u00e3o Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roney","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute (InCor), S\u00e3o Paulo University Medical School, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease: 15 years of clinical and immunological follow-up","volume":"3","author":"Sampaio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vasc. 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