{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:12:57Z","timestamp":1791915177871,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22K18181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K18181"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19K12816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K12816"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) typically causes airflow blockage and breathing difficulties, which may result in the abnormal morphology and motion of the lungs or diaphragm. Purpose: This study aims to quantitatively evaluate respiratory diaphragm motion using a thoracic sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) series, including motion asynchronization and limitations. Method: First, the diaphragm profile is extracted using a deep-learning-based field segmentation approach. Next, by measuring the motion waveforms of each position in the extracted diaphragm profile, obvious differences in the independent respiration cycles, such as the period and peak amplitude, are verified. Finally, focusing on multiple breathing cycles, the similarity and amplitude of the motion waveforms are evaluated using the normalized correlation coefficient (NCC) and absolute amplitude. Results and Contributions: Compared with normal subjects, patients with severe COPD tend to have lower NCC and absolute amplitude values, suggesting motion asynchronization and limitation of their diaphragms. Our proposed diaphragmatic motion evaluation method may assist in the diagnosis and therapeutic planning of COPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13203261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T07:22:32Z","timestamp":1697786552000},"page":"3261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Respiratory Diaphragm Motion-Based Asynchronization and Limitation Evaluation on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2555-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China"},{"name":"Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuma","family":"Iwao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"},{"name":"National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-0024, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4083-4531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoko","family":"Kawata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-0856, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-0856, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Respirology, Shin-Yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki 215-0026, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7157-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideaki","family":"Haneishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00040703","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Molecular and cellularmechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Barnes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. 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