{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:35:32Z","timestamp":1760150132533,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), i.e., central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), affects the prognosis of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The study assessed the relationships between heart chamber size or function and respiratory parameters in patients with HFrEF and various types of SDB. The 84 participants were patients aged 68.3 \u00b1 8.4 years (80% men) with an average left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 25.5 \u00b1 6.85% who qualified for cardioverter-defibrillator implantation with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy. SDB, defined by an apnea\u2013hypopnea index (AHI) \u2265 five events\/hour, was diagnosed in 76 patients (90.5%); SDB was severe in 31 (36.9%), moderate in 26 (31.0%), and mild in 19 (22.6%). CSA was the most common type of SDB (64 patients, 76.2%). A direct proportional relationship existed only in the CSA group between LVEF or stroke volume (SV) and AHI (p = 0.02 and p = 0.07), and between LVEF or SV and the percentage of total sleep time spent with hemoglobin oxygen saturation &lt; 90% (p = 0.06 and p = 0.07). In contrast, the OSA group was the only group in which right ventricle size showed a positive relationship with AHI (for basal linear dimension [RVD1] p = 0.06), mean duration of the respiratory event (for RVD1 p = 0.03, for proximal outflow diameter [RVOT proximal] p = 0.009), and maximum duration of respiratory event (for RVD1 p = 0.049, for RVOT proximal p = 0.006). We concluded that in HFrEF patients, SDB severity is related to LV systolic function and SV only in CSA, whereas RV size correlates primarily with apnea\/hypopnea episode duration in OSA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13213309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T09:54:08Z","timestamp":1698227648000},"page":"3309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationships between Heart Chamber Morphology or Function and Respiratory Parameters in Patients with HFrEF and Various Types of Sleep-Disordered Breathing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Simionescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2932-6269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danuta","family":"\u0141oboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"Adamek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Wilczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Gibi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Gardas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Biernat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof S.","family":"Go\u0142ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, 40-635 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.12.068","article-title":"Sleep Disorders in Systolic Heart Failure: A Prospective Study of 100 Male Patients. 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