{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:24:41Z","timestamp":1780446281295,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20K09794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K09794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Analysis of higher-order aberrations (HOAs) is one reported method for evaluating dry eye disease (DED)-related loss of visual function. Tear film (TF) instability and corneal epithelial damage (CED) are both reportedly responsible for HOAs in DED, although, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reported methods that allow concurrent evaluation of their effects. In this study, we used a videokeratographer (VK) to continuously measure HOAs in DED after eye opening and investigated factors of ocular surface abnormalities that determine HOAs. This study involved 96 DED cases that underwent DED symptom assessment with a questionnaire and examination of tear volume, TF abnormalities (i.e., TF lipid-layer interference grades and spreading grades, and non-invasive breakup time and fluorescein breakup time), and CED, and their correlation with HOAs evaluated via VK. The results show that HOAs at 1 or 2 s after eye opening can reflect TF instability and CED within the central 4-millimeter-diameter area of the optical zone in DED eyes concurrently. This finding may be useful for the rapid and non-invasive detection and evaluation of degraded visual function in DED cases with a variety of clinical features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13213319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T09:56:36Z","timestamp":1698400596000},"page":"3319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Association between Corneal Higher-Order Aberrations Evaluated with a Videokeratographer and Corneal Surface Abnormalities in Dry Eye"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Natsuki","family":"Kusada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihiko","family":"Yokoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Sotozono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.3.157","article-title":"The importance of the precorneal tear film for the quality of optical imaging","volume":"76","author":"Rieger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. 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