{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T02:42:25Z","timestamp":1791859345541,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune dermatological diseases (AIDD) encompass a diverse group of disorders characterized by aberrant immune responses targeting the skin and its associated structures. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests a potential involvement of the renin\u2013angiotensin system (RAS) in the pathogenesis and progression of these conditions. RAS is a multicomponent cascade, primarily known for its role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. All of the RAS components play an important role in controlling inflammation and other immune responses. Angiotensin II, the main effector, acts on two essential receptors: Angiotensin Receptor 1 and 2 (AT1R and AT2R). A disturbance in the axis can lead to many pathological processes, including autoimmune (AI) diseases. AT1R activation triggers diverse signaling cascades involved in inflammation, fibrosis and tissue remodeling. Experimental studies have demonstrated the presence of AT1R in various cutaneous cells and immune cells, further emphasizing its potential contribution to the AI processes in the skin. Furthermore, recent investigations have highlighted the role of other RAS components, beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and Ang II, that may contribute to the pathophysiology of AIDD. Alternative pathways involving ACE2, Ang receptors and Ang-(1-7) have been implicated in regulating immune responses and tissue homeostasis within the skin microenvironment. Understanding the intricate involvement of the RAS in AIDD may provide novel therapeutic opportunities. Targeting specific components of the RAS, such as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) or alternative RAS pathway modulators, could potentially ameliorate inflammatory responses, reduce tissue damage and lessen disease manifestations. Further research is warranted to outline the exact mechanisms underlying RAS-mediated immune dysregulation in AIDD. This abstract aims to provide a concise overview of the intricate interplay between the RAS and AIDD. Therefore, we elaborate a systematic review of the potential challenge of RAS in the AIDD, including psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, vitiligo, lupus erythematosus and many more.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13223398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T11:25:31Z","timestamp":1699356331000},"page":"3398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Renin-Angiotensin System: The Challenge behind Autoimmune Dermatological Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2736-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minela Aida","family":"Maranduca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Clinic, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai Andrei","family":"Cosovanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea","family":"Clim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5730-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alin Constantin","family":"Pinzariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-7538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Biochemistry, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilie Cristian","family":"Drochioi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Reconstructive, Faculty of Dental Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700020 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad Ionut","family":"Vlasceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Surgical Semiology, Department of Surgery I, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6604-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Vasile","family":"Timofte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Surgical Semiology, Department of Surgery I, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Nemteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical I Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Plesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical I Department, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, \u201cSt. Spiridon\u201d University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5308-7192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela","family":"Pertea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, \u201cSf. Spiridon\u201d Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ionela Lacramioara","family":"Serban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, \u201cGrigore T. 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