{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T08:40:49Z","timestamp":1778575249286,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Periocular malignancies may be clinically different from the examples arising at other sites, with possible delayed diagnosis and greater challenges for treatment and repair. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a recently developed technique characterized by an unprecedented capacity to acquire high-definition images in vertical and horizontal modes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the LC-OCT morphological features of a series of eyelid skin lesions, correlating them to histopathological findings. Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven equivocal skin lesion in the eyelid area, previously investigated by means of LC-OCT, were included in the study. Percentage overall agreement was estimated for LC-OCT and histopathological diagnosis for study cases. Results: A total of 51 patients (28 women, 23 men; mean age 66.4 years old), for a total of 51 skin lesions, were assessed. The histopathological diagnosis consisted of 30 malignant and 21 benign tumors. Different entities were characterized by peculiar findings in LC-OCT, alike to histopathological features, allowing for an accurate \u201cin vivo\u201d classification in almost all cases, with a diagnostic concordance with histopathology of 92.1% (47\/51). Conclusions: By integrating this new imaging technique into the assessment of suspicious tumors in this area, diagnostic accuracy may increase, improving strategies adopted in multidisciplinary meetings and patient-centered care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13233590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]],"date-time":"2023-12-03T04:59:16Z","timestamp":1701579556000},"page":"3590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of Eyelid Skin Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Stefani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ocular Oncology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9813-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Cappilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ocular Oncology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6068-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cuffaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3368-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Fionda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica Maria","family":"Pagliara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Paradisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ocular Oncology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7254-4195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costantino","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, AUSL Bologna, 40133 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6442-1707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Sammarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Schinzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2308-0982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Tagliaferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6812-1210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Antonietta","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4009-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Cinotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"},{"name":"Groupe d\u2019Imagerie Cutan\u00e9e Non Invasive (GICNI) of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Dermatologie (SFD), 75008 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-5986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Savino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Suppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe d\u2019Imagerie Cutan\u00e9e Non Invasive (GICNI) of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Dermatologie (SFD), 75008 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, H\u00f4pital Erasme, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Institut Jules Bordet, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ketty","family":"Peris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ocular Oncology Unit, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2695","article-title":"Eyelid disorders: Diagnosis and management","volume":"57","author":"Carter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(97)30288-7","article-title":"Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of cutaneous eyelid lesions","volume":"104","author":"Kersten","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"804","article-title":"The prevalence of various eyelid skin lesions in a single-centre observation study","volume":"38","author":"Adamski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postep. Dermatol. 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