{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:08:53Z","timestamp":1787162933504,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001741","name":"Dan David Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001741","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This CT-based study aimed to characterize and explain the existence of two anatomical structures positioned near the maxillary sinuses, which are of clinical relevance in rhinology and maxillofacial surgery. A total of 182 head scans (92 males and 90 females) were inspected for infraorbital ethmoid cells (IECs) and for the type (route) of infraorbital canal (IOC). The maxillary sinuses were segmented, and their volumes were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted to reveal the associations between the two anatomical variations, namely, sex and the maxillary sinus volume. Infraorbital ethmoid cells were noted in 43.9% of the individuals studied; they were more frequent in males (53.3%) than in females (34.4%). The descending infraorbital nerve (type 3 IOC) was found in 13.2% of individuals and was independent of sex. Infraorbital ethmoid cells were associated with the IOC types. The maxillary sinus volume was found to be sex-dependent. A large sinus volume is significantly associated with IOC Type 3 (the descending canal) and the presence of IEC. Dentists, radiologists, and surgeons should be aware that individuals with extensive pneumatization of the maxillary sinuses are more likely to display a descending IOC and IEC. These findings should be studied, along with CT scans, before treatment and surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13233593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T03:40:58Z","timestamp":1701661258000},"page":"3593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Associations between the Maxillary Sinus Volume, Infraorbital Ethmoid Cells, and the Infraorbital Canal: A CT-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Einat","family":"Kedar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5168-1139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilan","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atid Medical Group, Raphael Hospitals, Tel Aviv 6158101, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahaa","family":"Medlej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5841-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Israel","family":"Hershkovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Koppe, T., Hiroshi, N., and Alt, K.W. 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