{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:23:31Z","timestamp":1783697011327,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00237634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00237634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6-2023-0088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2023-0088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00237634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00237634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6-2023-0088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2023-0088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is a rare middle ear disease with unfavorable outcomes. Under the current diagnostic criteria of EOM, it is challenging to suspect EOM before tympanostomy. Therefore, this study attempted to use blood eosinophil levels for the differential diagnosis of EOM from other conditions. Three disease groups with features of recurrent otorrhea were categorized, which included the following: EOM (n = 9), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, n = 12), and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD, n = 6). Clinical and radiological characteristics were analyzed in the three groups. Patients who underwent ventilation tube insertion due to serous otitis media were enrolled as the control group (n = 225) to evaluate the diagnostic validity of blood eosinophilia. The EOM group showed a significantly higher blood eosinophil concentration (p &lt; 0.001) and blood eosinophil count (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the GPA and PCD groups. The estimated sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing EOM from OME patients who underwent ventilation tube insertion were 100% and 95.6%, respectively. In addition, EOM tended to have protympanic space soft tissue density and a relatively clear retrotympanic space in temporal bone computerized tomography. Blood eosinophil evaluation is a significant clinical indicator of EOM. Furthermore, the assessment of exclusive protympanic soft tissue density can provide an additional diagnostic clue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13233598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T12:15:14Z","timestamp":1701692114000},"page":"3598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Otitis Media Using Blood Eosinophil Levels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yeonsu","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospiral, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8111-2124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospiral, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Gyun","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong 14353, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5196-8482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dachan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospiral, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5255-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junyup","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9243-9392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seonghoon","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2010.11.016","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria of eosinophilic otitis media, a newly recognized middle ear disease","volume":"38","author":"Iino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(01)00124-9","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of so called eosinophilic otitis media","volume":"29","author":"Nagamine","year":"2002","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.14-RAI-0774","article-title":"Pathogenesis and diagnosis of otitis media with anca-associated vasculitis","volume":"63","author":"Yoshida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergol. 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