{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:23:19Z","timestamp":1777422199051,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malignant focal liver lesions (FLLs) represent various kinds of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. In pediatric patients, the understanding of pediatric liver diseases and associated imaging manifestations is essential for making accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis. This paper will discuss the latest knowledge of the common pediatric malignant FLLs, including undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, and malignant rhabdoid tumor. Medical imaging features are not only helpful for clinical diagnosis, but can also be useful in the evaluation and follow-up of pre- and post-treatment. The future perspectives of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) enhancement patterns of FLLs in pediatric patients are also mentioned.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13243659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T03:58:02Z","timestamp":1702526282000},"page":"3659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Review on Pediatric Malignant Focal Liver Lesions with Imaging Evaluation: Part II"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0212-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5893-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrius","family":"Cekuolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Schreiber-Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Localinomed and Pediatric Department, Kliniken Salem, 3013 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasa","family":"Augustiniene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasound Section, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Sana Kliniken Duisburg GmbH, 47055 Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department I\/Gastroenterology, SANA Hospital Lichtenberg, 10365 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasenien","family":"Nourkami-Tutdibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University Medical Center, Hospital of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, 66421 Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8946-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Ying","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Taut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Dresden, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Grevelding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pneumology, Allergology, Infectious Diseases and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6015-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph F.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China"},{"name":"Department Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM), Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, 3013 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2007.07.002","article-title":"Tumors of the liver in children","volume":"16","author":"Meyers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surg. 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