{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T20:58:51Z","timestamp":1775077131620,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Clinical Research from the Japan Dry Eye Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the severity of eye pain (EP) and associated objective findings were evaluated in aqueous-deficient dry eye (ADDE) patients using PainVision\u00ae, a quantitative pain-measuring device. This study involved 53 eyes of 53 ADDE patients (6 males and 47 females; mean age: 64.4 \u00b1 13.4 [mean \u00b1 SD] years). Of those, 18 eyes of 18 patients underwent punctal occlusion, and EP and objective findings in those patients were evaluated before and after treatment. In all patients, the severity of EP as measured by PainVision\u00ae was assessed using the Pain Degree (PD). The median PD for the 53 patients was 30.6 \u00b5A\/\u00b5A (interquartile range, 16.9\u201393.2), and the nasal and central corneal staining score and the upper lid-wiper epitheliopathy score were significantly correlated with PD (R = 0.33, 0.33, and 0.28, respectively) (all: p &lt; 0.05). Using the least squares method, the central corneal staining score most significantly affected PD. In the 18 cases that underwent punctal occlusion, PD was significantly reduced (median PD: 24.8 to 7.1 \u00b5A\/\u00b5A; p &lt; 0.0001). Using the least squares method, the central corneal staining score and tear meniscus radius were significantly more influential as factors contributing to PD before and after treatment, and central corneal epithelial damage was the factor most associated with ADDE-related EP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14010030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:44:15Z","timestamp":1703450655000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Eye Pain Caused by Epithelial Damage in the Central Cornea in Aqueous-Deficient Dry Eye"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3098-6830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yamato","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki-City 569-8686, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4839-3416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norihiko","family":"Yokoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsuki","family":"Kusada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aoi","family":"Komuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Sonomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chie","family":"Sotozono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.09.003","article-title":"Asia Dry Eye Society. 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