{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:16:18Z","timestamp":1790266578669,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung ultrasound is a well-established diagnostic approach used in detecting pathological changes near the pleura of the lung. At the acoustic boundary of the lung surface, it is necessary to differentiate between the primary visualization of pleural parenchymal pathologies and the appearance of secondary artifacts when sound waves enter the lung or are reflected at the visceral pleura. The aims of this pictorial essay are to demonstrate the sonographic patterns of various pleural interface artifacts and to illustrate the limitations and pitfalls of the use of ultrasound findings in diagnosing any underlying pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14020179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T04:03:26Z","timestamp":1705291406000},"page":"179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Lung Ultrasound and Pleural Artifacts: A Pictorial Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Safai Zadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1900-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"G\u00f6rg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Clinic for Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Philipp University of Marburg, Baldingerstra\u00dfe, 35037 Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Prosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Kifjak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mass Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6015-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph Frank","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Internal Medicine (DAIM), Hirslanden Clinics Bern, Beau Site, Salem and Permanence, 3018 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian B.","family":"Laursen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark"},{"name":"Odense Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0180-5452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajo","family":"Findeisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Internal Medicine, Red Cross Hospital Bremen, 28199 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2010-7282","article-title":"Ultrasound of the lung","volume":"44","author":"Dietrich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med.\u2014Eur. 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