{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T03:50:48Z","timestamp":1780545048340,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) provides detailed visualization of the perfusion of the vascular network of the eye. While in other forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment, reduced retinal perfusion was frequently reported, data of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are lacking. Objective: Retinal and optic nerve head perfusion was evaluated in patients with FTD with OCT-A. Quantitative OCT-A metrics were analyzed and correlated with clinical markers and vascular cerebral lesions in FTD patients. Methods: OCT-A was performed in 18 eyes of 18 patients with FTD and 18 eyes of 18 healthy participants using RTVue XR Avanti with AngioVue. In addition, patients underwent a detailed ophthalmological, neurological, and neuropsychological examination, cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and lumbar puncture. Results: The flow density in the optic nerve head (ONH) and in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) of the macula of patients was significantly lower compared to that of healthy controls (p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the VD in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) of the macula of patients was significantly lower compared to that of healthy controls (p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the flow density data, white matter lesions in brain MRI, cognitive deficits, and cerebrospinal fluid markers of dementia. Conclusions: Patients with FTD showed a reduced flow density in the ONH, and in the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus of the macula, when compared with that of healthy controls. Quantitative analyses of retinal perfusion using OCT-A may therefore help in the diagnosis and monitoring of FTD. Larger and longitudinal studies are necessary to evaluate if OCT-A is a suitable biomarker for patients with FTD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14020211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T11:28:46Z","timestamp":1705577326000},"page":"211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Quantitative Analysis of Retinal Perfusion in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eliane Luisa","family":"Esser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Lahme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Dierse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Diener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Eter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Wiendl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Duning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Klinikum Bremen-Ost, 28325 Bremen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Pawlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maged","family":"Alnawaiseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Albert- Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D15, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Klinikum Bielefeld, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00461-4","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia","volume":"386","author":"Bang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00341-0","article-title":"Advances and controversies in frontotemporal dementia: Diagnosis, biomarkers, and therapeutic considerations","volume":"21","author":"Boeve","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160886","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Retinal Neuroaxonal Thinning in Frontotemporal Dementia as in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"56","author":"Ferrari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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