{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T17:30:01Z","timestamp":1785259801410,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pfizer"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a complex and serious form of heart failure caused by the accumulation of transthyretin amyloid protein in the heart muscle. Variable symptoms of ATTR-CM can lead to a delayed diagnosis. Recognizing the diagnostic indicators is crucial to promptly detect this condition. A targeted literature review was conducted to examine the latest international consensus recommendations on a comprehensive diagnosis of ATTR-CM. Additionally, a panel consisting of nuclear medicine expert consultants (n = 10) and nuclear imaging technicians (n = 2) convened virtually from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to formulate best practices for ATTR-CM diagnosis. The panel reached a consensus on a standard diagnostic pathway for ATTR-CM, which commences by evaluating the presence of clinical red flags and initiating a cardiac workup to assess the patient\u2019s echocardiogram. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may be needed, in uncertain cases. When there is a high suspicion of ATTR-CM, patients undergo nuclear scintigraphy and hematologic tests to rule out primary or light-chain amyloidosis. The expert panel emphasized that implementing best practices will support healthcare professionals in KSA to improve their ability to detect and diagnose ATTR-CM more accurately and promptly. Diagnosing ATTR-CM accurately and early can reduce morbidity and mortality rates through appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14020212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T11:28:46Z","timestamp":1705577326000},"page":"212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Best Practices in Nuclear Imaging for the Diagnosis of Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in KSA: The Eagle Eyes of Local Experts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Aljizeeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14626, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 21423, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aquib Mohammadidrees","family":"Bakhsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah 24246, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1873-4964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossam Ahmed Maher","family":"El-Zeftawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein R.","family":"Farghaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukhtar Ahmed M.","family":"Alqadhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Hospital, Hufof, Al-Ahsa Healthcare Cluster, Al-Ahsa 36441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9051-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mushref","family":"Algarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zain Mohammed","family":"Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc., Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haya","family":"Haddadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Gulf FZ LLC, Dubai 29553, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Alayary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc., Riyadh 13244, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouaz H.","family":"Al-Mallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2018.1549825","article-title":"Amyloid nomenclature 2018: Recommendations by the International Society of Amyloidosis (ISA) nomenclature committee","volume":"25","author":"Benson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2198","article-title":"Expert consensus on the monitoring of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy","volume":"23","author":"Bengel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. 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