{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:37:12Z","timestamp":1760143032740,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The characteristics of an individual patient experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who recovered spontaneous circulation with the assistance of witnesses and paramedics were examined. The analysis of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the professional first aid efforts of paramedics in the pre-hospital environment is pivotal to enhancing the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. The data used in this study were extracted from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) nationally recognized statistics, Acute Heart Failure big data survey. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) customer data were collected from the Gangwon Fire Headquarters public information database as social management data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24. The study\u2019s results emphasized the significance of offering basic CPR training to the public. This is evident from the fact that 90.5% of the first witnesses in the study performed CPR on OHCA patients, resulting in the recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The majority of patients with ROSC were male, with the highest age group being 41\u201350 years. Heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes were common medical conditions. The rate of witnessing cardiac arrest was high. Among the first witnesses, about 78.4% were of cardiac arrest incidents involving family members, co-workers, or acquaintances; 12.2% were on-duty medical healthcare personnel; and 9.5% were off-duty healthcare personnel. Cardiac arrest was treated in 83.8% of cases, with 90% of witnesses performing CPR. The percentage of witnesses that used an automated external defibrillator (AED) was 13.5%. In this study, the rates of ECG monitoring, CPR performance, and defibrillation performed by paramedics were high, but intravascular access and drug administration had a lower rate of performance. The time elapsed depended on the patient\u2019s physical fitness. The study found that paramedics had the highest CPC restoration rate in patients with cardiac arrest, followed by EMTs and nurses. Significant differences were observed in cerebral performance scores after care by these paramedics and nurses. To increase the performance of AEDs, more AEDs should be installed in public spaces so that the public can access them conveniently in cases of emergency. In addition, it is necessary to improve the quality of professional first aid physical activity services performed by first-class paramedics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14020224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T05:42:31Z","timestamp":1705902151000},"page":"224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of Out-of-Hospital First Aid for Recovery of Spontaneous Circulation after Cardiac Arrest in Korea"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4980-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon-Ji","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Technology, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, 346 Hwangjo-Gil, Samcheck-si 25949, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medical Technology, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, 346 Hwangjo-Gil, Samcheck-si 25949, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-8023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Soon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, 346 Hwangjo-Gil, Samcheck-si 25949, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.08.006","article-title":"Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: Systematic review of 67 prospective studies","volume":"81","author":"Berdowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.15441\/ceem.17.259","article-title":"Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium (KoCARC): Rationale, development, and implementation","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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