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We examined the association of HE with neurological deterioration (ND), functional outcome, and mortality based on the time gap from onset to baseline CT. Methods: We included 567 consecutive patients with supratentorial ICH and baseline head CT within 24 h of onset. ND was defined as a \u22654-point increase on the NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) or a \u22652-point drop on the Glasgow coma scale. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin score of 4 to 6 at 3-month follow-up. Results: The rate of HE was higher among those scanned within 3 h (124\/304, 40.8%) versus 3 to 24 h post-ICH onset (53\/263, 20.2%) (p &lt; 0.001). However, HE was an independent predictor of ND (p &lt; 0.001), poor outcome (p = 0.010), and mortality (p = 0.003) among those scanned within 3 h, as well as those scanned 3\u201324 h post-ICH (p = 0.043, p = 0.037, and p = 0.004, respectively). Also, in a subset of 180\/567 (31.7%) patients presenting with mild symptoms (NIHSS \u2264 5), hematoma growth was an independent predictor of ND (p = 0.026), poor outcome (p = 0.037), and mortality (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Despite decreasing rates over time after ICH onset, HE remains an independent predictor of ND, functional outcome, and mortality among those presenting &gt;3 h after onset or with mild symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14030308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T09:41:59Z","timestamp":1706694119000},"page":"308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Time-Dependent Changes in Hematoma Expansion Rate after Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Its Relationship with Neurological Deterioration and Functional Outcome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3540-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaby","family":"Abou Karam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Chiun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorin","family":"Zeevi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bendix C.","family":"Harms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Torres-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyprien A.","family":"Rivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9223-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajay","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"de Havenon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"},{"name":"Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido J.","family":"Falcone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"},{"name":"Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin N.","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"},{"name":"Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4628-0370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyedmehdi","family":"Payabvash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"},{"name":"Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70340-0","article-title":"Incidence, case fatality, and functional outcome of intracerebral haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and ethnic origin: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Luitse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2201449","article-title":"Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage","volume":"387","author":"Sheth","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. 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