{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:07:23Z","timestamp":1791925643200,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which explains the pain that such patients report. Currently, we are faced with ineffective, non-invasive diagnostic methods and treatments that come with multiple side effects and high recurrence rates for both the disease and pain. These are the reasons why we are exploring the possibility of the involvement of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules in the process of the appearance of endometriosis. Cytokines play an important role in the progression of endometriosis, influencing cell proliferation and differentiation. Pro-inflammatory molecules are found in intrafollicular fluid. They have an impact on the number of mature and optimal-quality oocytes. Endometriosis affects fertility, and the involvement of endometriosis in embryo transfer during in vitro fertilization (IVF) is being investigated in several studies. Furthermore, the reciprocal influence between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis has been assessed. Today, we can affirm that pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines play roles in survival, growth, differentiation, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune escape, which provides a perspective for approaching future clinical implications and can be used as biomarkers or therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14030312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T09:41:59Z","timestamp":1706694119000},"page":"312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Endometriosis and the Role of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Pathophysiology: A Narrative Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ioan Emilian","family":"Oal\u0103","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital Hunedoara, 331057 Hunedoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1596-6353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda-Ildiko","family":"Mitranovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital Hunedoara, 331057 Hunedoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7024-2916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Maria","family":"Chiorean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540072 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Traian","family":"Irimia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrada Ioana","family":"Cri\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Department of 1st Gynecology Clinic, Emergency County Hospital Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Marta","family":"Melinte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teodora","family":"Cotru\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad","family":"Tudorache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 2nd Gynecology Clinic, County Clinical Hospital Targu Mures, 540072 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liviu","family":"Moraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca","family":"Moraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Caravia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Sciences, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Morariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstretics and Gynecology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine and Pharmacies, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucian","family":"Pu\u0219ca\u0219iu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstretics and Gynecology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine and Pharmacies, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.01121","article-title":"Increased expression of interleukin-1 receptor type 1 in active endometriotic lesions","volume":"133","author":"Lawson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03056-x","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory cytokines in endometriosis","volume":"76","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol. 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