{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:21:26Z","timestamp":1791498086487,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Malignant lymphoma, which impacts the lymphatic system, presents diverse challenges in accurate diagnosis due to its varied subtypes\u2014chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Lymphoma is a form of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, impacting lymphocytes, which are a specific type of white blood cell. This research addresses these challenges by proposing ensemble and non-ensemble transfer learning models employing pre-trained weights from VGG16, VGG19, DenseNet201, InceptionV3, and Xception. For the ensemble technique, this paper adopts a stack-based ensemble approach. It is a two-level classification approach and best suited for accuracy improvement. Testing on a multiclass dataset of CLL, FL, and MCL reveals exceptional diagnostic accuracy, with DenseNet201, InceptionV3, and Xception exceeding 90% accuracy. The proposed ensemble model, leveraging InceptionV3 and Xception, achieves an outstanding 99% accuracy over 300 epochs, surpassing previous prediction methods. This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed approach, showcasing its potential in real-world medical applications for precise lymphoma diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14050469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T05:42:46Z","timestamp":1708494166000},"page":"469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["PrecisionLymphoNet: Advancing Malignant Lymphoma Diagnosis via Ensemble Transfer Learning with CNNs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sivashankari","family":"Rajadurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5563-8325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumaresan","family":"Perumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5206-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Fazal","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of IT and Engineering, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiranji Lal","family":"Chowdhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.242412","article-title":"Deep-learning 18F-FDG uptake classification enables total metabolic tumor volume estimation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma","volume":"62","author":"Capobianco","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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