{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:35:39Z","timestamp":1790134539616,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skeletal Class III malocclusion is one type of dentofacial deformity that significantly affects patients\u2019 facial aesthetics and oral health. The orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion presents challenges due to uncertainties surrounding mandibular growth patterns and treatment outcomes. In recent years, disease-specific radiographic features have garnered interest from researchers in various fields including orthodontics, for their exceptional performance in enhancing diagnostic precision and treatment effect predictability. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the valuable radiographic features in the diagnosis and management of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Based on the existing literature, a series of analyses on lateral cephalograms have been concluded to identify the significant variables related to facial type classification, growth prediction, and decision-making for tooth extractions and orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Furthermore, we summarize the parameters regarding the inter-maxillary relationship, as well as different anatomical structures including the maxilla, mandible, craniofacial base, and soft tissues from conventional and machine learning statistical models. Several distinct radiographic features for Class III malocclusion have also been preliminarily observed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14050544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T10:11:57Z","timestamp":1709547117000},"page":"544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Radiographic Imaging for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zhuoying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3971-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo Feng","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1155-4389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi Yong H.","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6447-9573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7143-3370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-xiong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1774-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"350","article-title":"Classification of malocclusion","volume":"41","author":"Angle","year":"1899","journal-title":"Dent. 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