{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T15:26:19Z","timestamp":1777994779083,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johnson &amp; Johnson Medical Products GmbH","award":["GMAFS20353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GMAFS20353"]}]},{"name":"Medical University Innsbruck","award":["GMAFS20353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GMAFS20353"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In vivo high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) studies on bone characteristics are limited, partly due to the lack of standardized and objective techniques to describe motion artifacts responsible for lower-quality images. This study investigates the ability of such deep-learning techniques to assess image quality in HR-pQCT datasets of human scaphoids. In total, 1451 stacks of 482 scaphoid images from 53 patients, each with up to six follow-ups within one year, and each with one non-displaced fractured and one contralateral intact scaphoid, were independently graded by three observers using a visual grading scale for motion artifacts. A 3D-CNN was used to assess image quality. The accuracy of the 3D-CNN to assess the image quality compared to the mean results of three skilled operators was between 92% and 96%. The 3D-CNN classifier reached an ROC-AUC score of 0.94. The average assessment time for one scaphoid was 2.5 s. This study demonstrates that a deep-learning approach for rating radiological image quality provides objective assessments of motion grading for the scaphoid with a high accuracy and a short assessment time. In the future, such a 3D-CNN approach can be used as a resource-saving and cost-effective tool to classify the image quality of HR-pQCT datasets in a reliable, reproducible and objective way.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14050568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T08:59:37Z","timestamp":1709801977000},"page":"568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Provide Motion Grading for High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography of the Scaphoid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6696-6519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Benedikt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6543-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Zelger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing, Speech & Voice Disorders, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Horling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2417-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0203-213X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Pallua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9208-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Office Dr. Schirmer, 6060 Hall, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-1084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerald","family":"Degenhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9160-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Ruzicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810415400018","article-title":"Scaphoid Fracture\u2014Overview and Conservative Treatment","volume":"20","author":"Tada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hand Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1250-8190","article-title":"Epidemiology of scaphoid fractures and non-unions: A systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Jorgsholm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handchir. 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