{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T19:15:30Z","timestamp":1773256530453,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the factors that affect the normal dental development of preschool children in Latvia, and to investigate sources that mothers use to get information on children\u2019s oral health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in two kindergartens in Latvia (cluster sampling). The study sample comprised 141 child\u2013mother pairs of preschool children aged 4\u20137 years. The dental situation of all children was assessed including evaluation by an orthodontist and a speech therapist, and mothers of children filled out the survey on oral health-related habits and information about it. Statistical analysis: We described individually factors related to orthodontal situations, children\u2019s speech problems, and factors that can affect tongue thrust. We investigated relationships between sources of mothers\u2019 information and oral health-related behaviors using univariate (Kruskal\u2013Wallis test, a chi-squared test, a Fisher test, or Cramer\u2019s V test) and multivariate analyses. We built a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for the demographic and oral health-related factors to investigate the factors associated with tongue thrust. Results of multiple logistic regression were presented with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: In total, 36.9% of children grazed vegetables several times a week, and 61.0% cleaned their teeth twice a day. Of mothers, 12% did not receive any information about child dental care from their general physician, and 23.4% found the received information insufficient. A total of 43.3% of mothers received oral health-related information from friends, and it was significantly related to less carbonated water (p &lt; 0.01), more help during teeth cleaning (p = 0.03), starting cleaning teeth in earlier age (p = 0.03), and more frequent visits to a child dentist (p = 0.03). Conclusions: A lack of knowledge was found to be prominent in mothers of kindergarten children in Latvia, and most of them received information not from official sources such as their general physician. This can be related to some problems in oral health behaviors and oral health-related diseases. Communication among dental health specialists, state authorities, and families is crucial for the improvement of children\u2019s dental situation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14060605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T12:17:16Z","timestamp":1710245836000},"page":"605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Association between the Dental Status and Tongue Thrust Habits of Latvian Preschool Children and Their Mothers\u2019 Oral Health Knowledge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6253-9130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian","family":"Tzivian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Prevention Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blv. 19, 1586 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dace","family":"Priede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valdis","family":"Folkmanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ieva","family":"Henkuzena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"An epidemiological study to know the prevalence of deleterious oral habits among 6 to 12 years old children","volume":"6","author":"Garde","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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