{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:29:24Z","timestamp":1792121364359,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diagnostics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While ground-glass opacity, consolidation, and fibrosis in the lungs are some of the hallmarks of acute SAR-CoV-2 infection, it remains unclear whether these pulmonary radiological findings would resolve after acute symptoms have subsided. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate chest computed tomography (CT) abnormalities stratified by COVID-19 disease severity and multiple timepoints post-infection. PubMed\/MEDLINE was searched for relevant articles until 23 May 2023. Studies with COVID-19-recovered patients and follow-up chest CT at least 12 months post-infection were included. CT findings were evaluated at short-term (1\u20136 months) and long-term (12\u201324 months) follow-ups and by disease severity (severe and non-severe). A generalized linear mixed-effects model with random effects was used to estimate event rates for CT findings. A total of 2517 studies were identified, of which 43 met the inclusion (N = 8858 patients). Fibrotic-like changes had the highest event rate at short-term (0.44 [0.3\u20130.59]) and long-term (0.38 [0.23\u20130.56]) follow-ups. A meta-regression showed that over time the event rates decreased for any abnormality (\u03b2 = \u22120.137, p = 0.002), ground-glass opacities (\u03b2 = \u22120.169, p &lt; 0.001), increased for honeycombing (\u03b2 = 0.075, p = 0.03), and did not change for fibrotic-like changes, bronchiectasis, reticulation, and interlobular septal thickening (p &gt; 0.05 for all). The severe subgroup had significantly higher rates of any abnormalities (p &lt; 0.001), bronchiectasis (p = 0.02), fibrotic-like changes (p = 0.03), and reticulation (p &lt; 0.001) at long-term follow-ups when compared to the non-severe subgroup. In conclusion, significant CT abnormalities remained up to 2 years post-COVID-19, especially in patients with severe disease. Long-lasting pulmonary abnormalities post-SARS-CoV-2 infection signal a future public health concern, necessitating extended monitoring, rehabilitation, survivor support, vaccination, and ongoing research for targeted therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14060621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]],"date-time":"2024-03-15T12:02:39Z","timestamp":1710504159000},"page":"621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Short- and Long-Term Chest-CT Findings after Recovery from COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mustufa","family":"Babar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3483-5746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surveillance and Policy Evaluation, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan"},{"name":"School of Public Health, St. Luke International University, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5283-876X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Moutwakil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6403-2827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim Q.","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filip, R., Gheorghita Puscaselu, R., Anchidin-Norocel, L., Dimian, M., and Savage, W.K. 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